Civil War Vs. The Right And The Left - 793 Words

Yanyi Liang Professor Heather ENGL 2327 November 17 2014 Civil war vs. The Right and the Left America is a new country. Here, the first time ever, a group of brave people cut out the bondage from Europe, free the philosophers, thinkers, also gave people desire to founding a new country. In the United States, human rights is the foundation for building this country. â€Å"I hold that in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual.† Read from the Abraham Lincoln First Inaugural Address. President Lincoln have put every effort to make The United States united together. At the time he had the First Inaugural Address on 1861, there were seven states announced separate from the United States. In his document, Lincoln had mention thirty-four times of the â€Å"constitution† and â€Å"unconstitutional†. The Constitution of the United States has been used as the central support material for his document. Lincoln believed the United States is the affiliation of the states. States have the right to legislate, and the Federal government cannot interfere the decision. Lincoln also stated: â€Å"Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own domestic institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and endurance of our political fabric depend; and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of theShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War Was The First Modern War1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War was during 1861-1865 . It was known to be the first modern war . It had very high numbers in death compared to any other war .Because this war followed the Industrial revolution ,this war was the beginning of new technologies, new weapons It was a war fought between the North ( Union) and The South (Confederates). The North did not want to keep slavery but the South did . Slavery was the cause of the separation between the two.There were many laws that were created that started conflictsRead MoreSocial Changes During Th e 1960 S1254 Words   |  6 Pagessocial revolution were new developments in the Feminist Movement, the Civil Rights Movement, and a rebellious counterculture. The political changes of this time period were embodied by the continuation and extension of the Vietnam War, new laws pertaining to civil rights, and the emergence of a the New Left. Economic changes during the 1960’s included a rise of inflation, the government spending exorbitant amounts of money on the war effort, and tax cuts. In the 1960’s, the social environment ofRead MoreCauses Of The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pages1950s to the late 1960s, this quote was very much true. Post civil war times were hard on African Americans. Even though at the time they were considered free, they were often criticized and discriminated against. Finally, shootings, brutality, and unfair treatment were enough. In an effort to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans all over the country, they took a stand. This was known as the Civil Rights Movement. There were many interesting events that caused thisRead More African Americans In The Post Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pages Jefferson Davis stated in the pre-Civil War years to a Northern audience, amp;#8220;You say you are opposed to the expansion of slavery... Is the slave to be benefited by it? Not at all. It is not humanity that influences you in the position which you now occupy before the country,; (Davis, The Irrepressible Conflict, 447). The Northerners had not freed the slaves for moral issues; the white majority did not have anything but its own economic prosperity on its mind. The African Americans gainedRead MoreAmerican System Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican system is ambition vs ambition, and the philosophy of â€Å"you scratch my back and I scratch yours†, then what could have caused this callosal shift in governance? i. The United states was created for representation – a no party system, since parties are not representative. ii. Bicameral system: Federal National i. House of representative (National): Popular issues (i.e. Taxation) ii. Senate (Federal): Analytical/ intellectual issues (i.e. Budget) iii. Small states vs large states and the factRead MoreImpact Of The Civil Rights Movement1383 Words   |  6 Pagesworld (Gandhi). Throughout the American history, the greatest number of people through an awkward to live peacefully. The Civil Right Movement in the United states has been a long, primarily nonviolent attempt to bring full civil rights and justice under the law to all Americans. The movement has sustained a lasting impact on the United States society. Before the civil right movement, the great migration of 1916- 1940, some blacks still lived in the south under the Jim crow, where state laws keptRead MoreCivil Rights971 Words   |  4 PagesCivil Rights The struggle for equality has been a battle fought for hundreds of years amongst Native Americans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. When we hear the words civil rights often we conjure images of Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his soul-stirring â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech before the nation’s capital. The truth is, minorities have been fighting for their civil rights way before the 1950’s in fact it dates way back to the early 1880’s when Native Americans lost their lands,Read MoreThe Sixties s Impact On American Society1307 Words   |  6 Pages The 1960s The 1960s are frequently referred to as a period of social protest and dissent. Antiwar demonstrators, civil-rights activists, feminists, and members of various other social groups demanded what they considered to be justice and sought reparation for the wrongs they believed they had suffered. The decade marked a shift from a collective view on politics, to a much more individualistic viewpoint. The 1960s could easily be characterized as a period during which political, ideological, andRead MoreFreedom: Sharon and Port Hurom Statement Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe YAF supported the war in Vietnam, seeing it was a fight against communism. The YAF would also be against negotiations of any kind with any communist country. â€Å"That the forces of international communism are, at present, the greatest threat to these liberties; that the United States should stress victory over, rather than coexistence with this menace.†(3) It would appear from a simple reading of the statement that the conservative YAF would oppose the Civil Rights Movement since followingRead MoreThe Rights Of African Americans1631 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Civil war and with the Unions win freedom and peace for blacks seemed to be assured. As most people would quote, Freedom isn t free. It almost always has a cost. Africans Americans since the origin of this country have literally laid down their lives for the cost of freedom and opportunity in the US. One of the most coveted freedom s both past and present is the right to suffrage. My paper discusses the many factors leading to and the trials and tribulations involving black s right to vote

Man s Search For Meaning, Viktor E. Frankl - 1392 Words

In Man’s Search for Meaning, Viktor E. Frankl tells the honest story of his own experiences as an inmate in a concentration camp during World War II. In his book, Frankl answers the question â€Å"How was everyday life in a concentration camp reflected in the mind of the average prisoner?† (Frankl, 2006, p. 3) He describes the physical, emotional, and psychological torment that he endured as well as the effect that the camp had on those around him. He breaks down the psychological experience as a prisoner into three stages: the initial shock upon admission into the camp, apathy, and the mental reactions of the prisoner after liberation. He highlights certain emotions experienced throughout the time in the camp such as delusions of reprieve, hope, curiosity, surprise, and even humor. Frankl defines a condition known as â€Å"delusion of reprieve†. He explains this condition using the example of a man condemned to death. Right before the moment the man is to be ex ecuted, he gets the illusion that he might be reprieved (p. 10). In the same way the man has hope that he will be spared, the prisoners in the concentration camps too had hope until the last moment that what lied ahead wouldn’t be so bad (p. 10). Even minor things such as red cheeks and round faces of the prisoners they encountered upon arrival to the camp gave them a little bit of hope to hold onto. Much similar to delusions of reprieve, hope was something the prisoners held onto; some times tighter than others. At timesShow MoreRelatedMan s Search For Meaning By Viktor E. Frankl1102 Words   |  5 Pages​Viktor E. Frankl’s novel Man’s Search for Meaning is a novel founded on the personal journey of Viktor and how he discovered his meaning in life. In the course of his discovery of the meaning of life he decides to hopefully help those in pain and sufferings find their meaning as well. The book entails tragedy and extreme misfortune in Auschwitz concent ration camp as a captive; yet through this pain and suffering is where Viktor Frankl originated his will to persevere and psychological techniquesRead MoreMan s Search For Meaning By Viktor E Frankl1166 Words   |  5 PagesMan’s Search for Meaning by Viktor E Frankl Man as little more than a machine subject to his environment is a popular picture painted by many psychologists of today. Viktor E Frankl sets out to contend against that idea in his book Man’s Search for Meaning. He contends that life is not a quest for pleasure or power, but for meaning. Frankl was a prisoner in the Auschwitz and Dachau concentration camps during the holocaust. During this time, many of his family members, including his parents and hisRead MoreSynthesis Essay : Viktor E. Frankl1640 Words   |  7 PagesSynthesis Essay Viktor E. Frankl didn’t grow up living a easy life. During World War II he spent 3 years in various concentration camps, including Theresienstadt, Auschwitz, and Dachau. Viktor has a life story to tell. Concentration Camps were a place where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labor or to await mass execution. Frankl may haveRead MoreViktor Frankl And The Holocaust1517 Words   |  7 PagesViktor Frankl, renowned psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor, often quoted Nietzsche saying, â€Å"He who has a ‘why’ to live for can bear almost any ‘how’†. Viktor Frankl, known for his development of logotherapy, a form of therapy that teaches individuals to live a life of meaning, put this saying to use when he experienced unspeakable atrocities during the holocaust. Given his medical and ps ychological history, Frankl was able to withstand Nazi concentration camps and not give into the hopelessnessRead MoreVictor Frankl s Man s Search For Meaning2174 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Viktor Frankl’s Man’s Search for Meaning is a very popular script and has great renown in the world of psychology. It has been said that the book should be a mandatory reading for all up and coming psychology students and professors alike. The book supplies valuable insight into logotherapy as well as Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis and is inspirational to all those who read it. It has been said that the riveting tale will â€Å"make a difference in your life†. The book and Frankl’s ideasRead MoreLiterature Based Essay: Dreams and Reality821 Words   |  3 Pageshow themes drive characters and how characters drive plots. What one character in the literature (Topic 1) (Madame Loisel) deems unacceptable and even degrading is in truth a rich blessing to be cherished juxtaposed with what another character (Viktor Frankl) finds to be truly degrading and wholly unacceptable as well but is far, far more degrading and pathetic than what Madame Loisel exp eriences as she pines for more. The character in The Necklace, middle class Madame Loisel,  ¦suffered intensely ¦Read MoreThe Pain Of The Form-, Beloved, And Man s Search For Meaning Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesSuffering —regardless of the form— has the ability to mentally and physically destroy an individual. One cannot measure the amount of pain an individual has sustained, but each person’s meaning of life can be easily observed. Despite death being the ending result of life, one can either dwell on this ending result or live in the here and now—making the best of every situation for a happier outcome. When asked by a doctor to describe the pain on a scale from one to ten, one individual may considerRead MoreIt s More Than Being Happy, By Emily Smith949 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"There’s More to Life Than Being Happy,† written by Emily Smith, she talks about how Viktor Frankl made the most of everything. He had nearly nothing while being in the concentration cam ps, and turned that from a negative to a positive. â€Å"As he saw in the camps, those who found meaning even in the most horrendous circumstances were far more resilient to suffering than those who did not† (Smith, E. 2013, January 9. There s More to Life Than Being Happy). The purpose of the article is to inform the readerRead MoreMean s Search For Meaning By Viktor Frankl1711 Words   |  7 Pages Mean’s Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl Linda Felix Positive Psychology Dr. R. Barke November 28, 2016 â€Æ' The book, in autobiographical mode, relates Auschwitz to the life of the author Viktor E. Frankl in the concentration camps of the former Nazi Germany. It reports the cruelty in which the SS soldiers used to mistreat the prisoners and in turn explains how the concentration camp life in the mind of the average prisoner affected. As soon as they reached the concentration camp, whichRead MoreThe Fundamental Principles That Confirm The Importance Of Frankl s Existential Theory And Logotherapy4000 Words   |  16 Pagesfew. Holocaust survivor, Viktor Frankl, along with his mother, wife and brother, endured horrific and dehumanizing conditions while being forcefully held under NAZI supervision. On a daily basis, Frankl and his family suffered mental, physical and spiritual abuses. They were held at various extinction camps not know when it might happen, but constantly anticipating being murdered, just as they had just witnessed the murders of so many others before them. (Viktor Frankl Institute.) In 1944 Frankl’s

Responsibilities of the Job Role-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp

Question: Write a report that describes in broad terms the key responsibilities of the Job Role.Identifies at which stage/s of the guest cycle the job role is involved. Answer: Introduction to the job role The services that are being provided by the hospitality industry is based on the quality of the services and client retention. Therefore, the services are required to be monitored in order to retain the client satisfaction. Moreover, the integration of the departments are required to be undertaken in order to stimulate the best services that are being offered to the clients. Therefore, a manager is appointed in an organization to monitor over the issues faced by the clients and the employees and resolve the issues for the smooth functioning of the organization. The manager looks after the internal and the external affairs of the organization and helps in keeping up with the expectations of the clients (Refer to the image in appendix). The interactions undertaken by the manager helps in the understanding of the modifications that the organization is required to undertake in order to improve the services that are being provided to the clients.(Grissemann, Plank and Brunner-Sperdin 2013 ) Key responsibilities The key responsibilities of the manager are client oriented. The responsibilities and the job role of the manager help the organization in bringing the significant changes in the organizational structure and the services provided by the organization. The manager attends to the requirements of the clients. Finally, the manager enumerates the steps and strategies in order to satisfy the needs of the consumers (Bharwani and Butt 2012). The manager of the organization manages the stakeholders of the organization. The major functions of the manager are being discussed in this section of the analysis. It helps in understanding the job role of the manager and the manner in which the functions of the manager help in the expansion of the business. The role of the manager in bearing the message of the organization and striving to achieve the common goal of the organization through the integration of the work force helps the organization in making its desirable progress in the market (Mok, Sparks. and Kadampully 2013). The manager communicates the important information on the objectives and the change of policies of the organization. Thereby it helps in making the employees aware of the modifications undertaken by the organization in its structure. The manager looks after the requirements of the clients and formulates strategies in order to make sure that the client is satisfied with the services that are being rendered by the organization. The quality of the services is being maintained by the proper monitoring over the services by the manager. It helps the organization in providing quality services based on the requirements of the client (?t and Onur Ta? 2012). The manager also reviews the financial reports of the organization in order to measure the progress of the organization and thereby plan strategies in order to make the progress. The basic part of the duties undertaken by the manager is based on the integration that the manager ensures in between the internal and the external departments of the organization (Raub and Robert 2013). The lack of integration might have given rise to different issues and might have affected the productivity of the organization. However, the function of the manager helps in redeeming the integration between the various departments like the help desk, the room service and the like. It helps in rendering the correct form of services to the client based on their requirements. The manager also promotes the safety and security activities in order to ensure the safety and security of the guests and the employees (Mackenzie and Peters 2014). It is a human centric approach undertaken by the manager in order to maintain the secured service rendering of the organization. The role of the manger in enhancing the communication between the different departments helps in the information technology part of the organization. It helps the organization to prosper based on the successful transmission of the information through proper communication channels. The involvement of the job role in the guest cycle The job of the manager is to take care of all the four stages of the guest cycle in a hotel. It begins from the pre-arrival of the guest where the manager keeps a record of the information of the guests and their individual and varied requirements. The arrival of the guests is being anticipated by the manger and thereby ensures that the hotel staffs are prepared to meet up the expectations of the clients. The manager ensures the proper functioning of the front office staffs. The third and the major phase of the operations undertaken by the manger in the occupancy is based on the emerging requirements of the guests. Adhering to the requirements and the capability of satisfying the needs of the clients is being undertaken. During the departure, the manager is required to take steps in order to make arrangements for the guests in order to retain the loyalty. Impact of the job role on the guests experience The impact of the job role performed by the manger is being discussed in this section of the analysis. It helps in determining the importance of appointing a manager based on the requirements of the clients and the satisfaction that the guest derives from the services that are being offered by the organizations. The actions of the manger help in determining the job role of the individuals working under the organization. it helps in making the employees understand their individual responsibilities and therefore make improvements in the guest experience (Bharwani and Jauhari 2013). The expectations of the guests are based on the requirements that the company needs to adhere to in order to make its progress. The most important step undertaken by the manager is based on rendering quality services to the clients and thereby retains the brand loyalty of the organization (Benavides-Velasco, Quintana-Garca and Marchante-Lara 2014). The integration of the internal and the external departments facilitated through the usage of proper communication channels helps in rendering the expected services to the clients. It helps in improving the services. The services that are being offered by the organization help in retaining the company in the market. Therefore, careful selection of the services helps in bringing about modifications in the organizational structure. The job role of the manager is to adhere to the requirements of the guest and therefore it is the most important part of the managers job, which helps in improving the guest experience. Monitoring over the services that are being delivered to the guests and the grievances of the clients is to be adhered by the manger and thereby modifications are needed to be undertaken for achieving the improvements based on the changes. Moments of truth The moments of truth helps in determining the experience of the guests during their stay in the hotel. The moment of truth correlates to the factors in support of the guest cycle. The manager functions based on the varied requirements of the customers in the guest cycle and the satisfaction that the guest derives from the services are being ratified. The services that are being provided to the clients from the pre-arrival to the post departure is being undertaken in the companys Moments of truth. The impacts of the job role on the organization The manager plays a n important role in maintaining the framework of the organization. The functions of the manager in this respect are being addressed in this section of the analysis. It helps in determining the importance of the actions taken by the manager. The major functions undertaken by the manager is monitoring over the services that are being provided by the organization. it helps the organization in maintaining a positive image in the market and thereby retain the clients (Suh, West and Shin 2012). Monitoring over the services help in assessing the needs of the clients and act accordingly. It helps in providing the required services accordingly. The manager also keeps a record of the property of the organization and thereby helps in the expansion of the organization (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). The manager facilitates the communication channels and use them in order to keep the staff members involved and informed of the policies. It helps in the steady progress of the organization. Mismanagement on the part of the manager can affect the growth of the organization and its activities of rendering the required services to the clients. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be stated that the organization depends on the functions of the manager. The job role of the manager is vast and therefore it includes the proper utilization of the resources. The resources form the integral part of the planning process where the manager designs the services that are going to be delivered to the clients. The service rendering organizations are based on the client-oriented approach and therefore the satisfaction of the clients through the services that are being provided is an important criterion undertaken by the manager. It helps the organization in making its progress and expansion in the market. References Benavides-Velasco, C.A., Quintana-Garca, C. and Marchante-Lara, M., 2014. Total quality management, corporate social responsibility and performance in the hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,41, pp.77-87. Bharwani, S. and Butt, N., 2012. Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,4(2), pp.150-162. Bharwani, S. and Jauhari, V., 2013. An exploratory study of competencies required to co-create memorable customer experiences in the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(6), pp.823-843. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Grissemann, U., Plank, A. and Brunner-Sperdin, A., 2013. Enhancing business performance of hotels: The role of innovation and customer orientation.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.347-356. Mackenzie, M. and Peters, M., 2014. Hospitality managers' perception of corporate social responsibility: An explorative study.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,19(3), pp.257-272. Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013.Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. ?t, H. and Onur Ta?, B.K., 2012. The influence of internet customer reviews on the online sales and prices in hotel industry.The Service Industries Journal,32(2), pp.197-214. Raub, S. and Robert, C., 2013. Empowerment, organizational commitment, and voice behavior in the hospitality industry: Evidence from a multinational sample.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(2), pp.136-148. Suh, E., West, J.J. and Shin, J., 2012. Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(2), pp.101-112.

Evaluating Potentiality of Investment

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating Potentiality of Investment. Answer: Introduction: The cost of capital is an important factor, used for evaluating the potentiality of any investment. It depicts the cost, incurred by any firm, for obtaining and maintaining its capital fund. However, most of the firms raise its capital fund through equity financing and debt financing. Therefore, the financial analysts rely on Weighted Average Cost of Capital more than normal cost of equity capital. WACC is calculated on the basis of both the costs, incurred for equity capital and debt capital. Thus, it can depict the overall cost of capital and satisfy both the shareholders and creditors. Arabian Cement Co. Ltd. is an enlisted company in UAE Stock Exchange. The cost of the capital of the company is computed under weighted average method to evaluate the potentiality of the company for investment purpose. Weighted Average Cost of Capital: The two main components of WACC are the cost of equity capital and cost of debt capital. Cost of debt capital can be ascertained from the finance expenses, stated in the financial statements. The cost of equity is, on the other hand, cannot be determined so easily. The most popular method of calculating the cost of capital is the Capital Asset Pricing Model, which determines the cost of equity on the basis on the market stock prices. According to the CAPM Model, the cost of equity is calculated by using the following formula: Cost of Equity = Risk Free Return + Beta x (Market Return Risk Free Return) For determining the cost of equity of Arabian Cement, the coupon yield rate of 1 yr. treasury bond of UAE is considered as risk free return and the average daily return of UAE stock market index is taken as the market return rate. Beta coefficient is the volatility level of the stock of Arabian Cement in comparison to UAE stock market return. As per the above discussion, the cost of equity of Arabian Cement is determined in the following table: After determining the cost of equity, the WACC of the company is computed by using the following formula in the table below: WACC = (Weightage of Equity x Cost of Equity) + (Weightage of Interest Bearing Debt x Cost of Debt) Conclusion: As per the above table, the WACC of the company is 7.55%, whereas, the industrial benchmark of cost of capital is 6.50%. The WACC of the company is higher than the industrial benchmark. Such variance has occurred as the industry is consisted with variety of companies. The cost of equity for the small companies uses to be lower than the large companies, whereas, the large companies can enjoy lower rate of interest on debt capital due to the goodwill and large amount of assets. However, the variance denotes that the company use to incur higher cost than the overall industry for maintaining its capital. The return on equity of Arabian Cement is 36.60%. It can be stated that the company raises its capital at lower cost but provides higher return on the capital. Therefore, though the WACC of the company is higher than the average industrial rate, the investors can consider Arabian Cement Co. Ltd. as a potential investment option. Bibliography: Arabian Cement Company - Cement, Concrete, Wassal. (2016).Arabian Cement Company - Cement, Concrete, Wassal. [online] Available at: https://www.arabiancement.com/financial-statements-2015 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Marketstoday.net. (2016).ARCCO | Historical Prices - MarketsToday.net. [online] Available at: https://www.marketstoday.net/companies/arabian-cement-co-ltd/Historical-Prices/42/en/# [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016].

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Essay Example

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Paper E. Boos – Week 2 – Assignment February 17, 2013 The Enron and WoldCom Scandals ENRON 1. The segment of Enron’s operations that got them into difficulties had several parts. They published misleading financial reports. They could not meet their bridge financing commitment with Barclay Bank because outside investors were not found. Because of this, they restated activities of JEDI and Chewco SPEs so they could be retroactively consolidated into Enron’s accounts. The SPEs helped to hide the inaccurate accounting records. Enron’s legal department wrote contracts that helped provide a cover for misuse of funds regarding the SPEs. Future revenue was reported as current revenue. Stocks were paid with promissory notes instead of cash. They also engaged in off-the-books activities and excessive executive compensation. Enron’s board of directors allowed the executives, accountants and legal department to use Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), a type of partnership, in an attempt to camouflage their debt and create a facade of financial stability (Brooks, 2007). 3. Enron’s directors understood how profits were made. They also knew management’s activities were dishonest. Andrew Fastow was active in forming the SPE partnerships and his affiliation with LJM2 was a conflict of interest. When Enron began experiencing financial problems in October 2001, the board of directors began holding special meetings. They were paid with cash, restricted stock, phantom stock units and stock options. The Senate Subcommittee Report, dated July 8, 2002, found that the Enron board of directors was aware that employees participated in management of the SPEs which was a conflict of interest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The directors ignored the inaccurate accounting, extensive unrecorded activities and excessive executive compensation. The Senate report discovered that the board of directors knew of financial activities between Enron and some of the board’s members. The board permitted consulting services, internal audits, and external audits to be performed by the same company, namely, Arthur Andersen (Brooks, 2007). 5. Ken Lay was chairperson of the board. He reassumed the position of CEO after Skilling resigned. As CEO he oversaw all of Enron’s activities. Lay and Whaley directed Causey to sell the Raptor SPEs. The sale price of was privately negotiated between Fastor, on behalf of Enron, and Kopper on behalf of LJM2. Lay did not interfere when Arthur Andersen directed Enron to record the buyout excess money as income. He knowingly allowed fraudulent activities and false information to be included in the financial reports. This was unethical. The Powers Report identifies seven questionable accounting issues concerning the sale of the Raptors (Brooks, 2007). 6. The board of directors did not insist that full disclosure of Enron’s earning be made available to the public and the shareholders. They allowed inaccurate reports to be published. Since they did not challenge management involvement in fraudulent activities, this meant the shareholders interests were not protected (Brooks, 2007). 9. Conflict of interest concerning SPE activities occurred because Enron employees were active in managing certain SPEs. Losses were not reported in end of year reports to offset other nonprofitable dealings. Arthur Andersen did not report all of the earnings and helped Enron cover up losses. When Andrew Fastow, wanted to manage the SPE, Chewco, he was advised by Jeffrey Skilling who was on the board of directors, that he should not manage Chewco because it would be a conflict of interest. Instead, Fastow appointed Michael Kopper who worked for him at Enron, to manage Chewco (Brooks, 2007). WORLDCOM 1. To inflate their profit in the current period, WorldCom created overstatements of cash flow and income by inaccurately reporting line costs. Line costs were a major expense to WorldCom. They were payments WorldCom made to third party telecommunicator network providers for the right to access their networks. These costs should have been shown as an expense rather than appearing on the income statement (Brooks, 2007). 2. WorldCom’s board of directors could have prevented the manipulation of revenue that management used if they had not been intimidated by Bernie Ebbers. They allowed themselves to be intimidated by Bernie Ebbers when he did not want their questions answered or give them more definitive explanations. Eventually, they demanded Bernie Ebber’s resignation and he resigned. The board of directors scheduled periodic meetings with WorldCom. The directors should have been more involved and familiar with WorldCom’s activities and efforts to manipulate expenses and decreased income (Brooks, 2007). 4. Bernie Ebbers was the CEO of WorldCom, the CFO was Scott Sullivan and David Myers was the Controller. Prior to working for WorldCom they had worked for Arthur Andersen. Arthur Andersen was the auditor for WorldCom. That is why the accountants did not say or do anything to prevent Ebbers’ manipulation of WorldCom’s financial reports (Brooks, 2007). . Ebbers received $408. 2 million dollars as a loan to buy WorldCom stock or for margin calls as the stock price fell. Instead of using the money for the purpose he received it, he used it to buy a cattle ranch in Canada, build a new home, pay for personal expenses of a family member, and provide loans to family and friends (Brooks, 2007). Reference: Brooks, L. J. (2007). Business professional eth ics for directors, executives, accountants (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Free Essays on Business Proposal

Proposal to the Women’s Business Development Association - Opportunity for Disadvantaged Women to Receive Free Computer Skills Training and Career Development Services Problem Many disadvantaged women do not have access to and/or funds for professional services and computer skills training in their neighborhoods. Typical barriers to empowerment include special needs, childcare needs, and language proficiency. Recommended Solution Create WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale This program will provide support for access to computers, technology, and technology-based educational learning activities for women in low-income communities who otherwise would lack that access to computers and information technology. Individuals under this program will receive career development and job preparation, such as computer skills training (basic and advanced), resume writing workshops, and access to databases of employment opportunities, career information, education/degree opportunities and other online materials. WiredWomen will initially receive referrals from Family Central, a local non-profit organization that services low-income, single-parent families. Organization Goals A recent GAO report (Telecommunications: Characteristics and Choices of Internet Users, February 2001) and a series of U.S. Department of Commerce studies (Falling Through the Net, 1995, 1999, 2000) on Americans’ access and use of technology show that although more Americans now own computers, low-income households are still far less likely to own computers and know how to use advanced technology. The mission of WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale is to empower disadvantaged women in the field of computer technology. GOAL 1: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT – provide career development and job preparation resources in small groups (10-15 women per class) Objective 1: provide computer skills training classes at beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels (e.g., Introduction... Free Essays on Business Proposal Free Essays on Business Proposal Proposal to the Women’s Business Development Association - Opportunity for Disadvantaged Women to Receive Free Computer Skills Training and Career Development Services Problem Many disadvantaged women do not have access to and/or funds for professional services and computer skills training in their neighborhoods. Typical barriers to empowerment include special needs, childcare needs, and language proficiency. Recommended Solution Create WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale This program will provide support for access to computers, technology, and technology-based educational learning activities for women in low-income communities who otherwise would lack that access to computers and information technology. Individuals under this program will receive career development and job preparation, such as computer skills training (basic and advanced), resume writing workshops, and access to databases of employment opportunities, career information, education/degree opportunities and other online materials. WiredWomen will initially receive referrals from Family Central, a local non-profit organization that services low-income, single-parent families. Organization Goals A recent GAO report (Telecommunications: Characteristics and Choices of Internet Users, February 2001) and a series of U.S. Department of Commerce studies (Falling Through the Net, 1995, 1999, 2000) on Americans’ access and use of technology show that although more Americans now own computers, low-income households are still far less likely to own computers and know how to use advanced technology. The mission of WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale is to empower disadvantaged women in the field of computer technology. GOAL 1: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT – provide career development and job preparation resources in small groups (10-15 women per class) Objective 1: provide computer skills training classes at beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels (e.g., Introduction...

Information pertaining to the imperativeness of mergers that are Research Paper

Information pertaining to the imperativeness of mergers that are gaining prominence in the current business world - Research Paper Example The two institutions are chosen due to their complimentary support capacity that they hold that would see them receive immense benefits from any strategic alliance or agreement. The institutions provide health care services and were founded with a core mission to offer quality, affordable and timely Medicare to patients. They focus on community outreach programs, research on various medications, provision of cancer services, coronary care, digestive and nutritional support. The paper also analyses their financial status based on the strength of their financial performance. It also evaluates the key ratios and the need for ensuring effective setting of debt collection period. Introduction Business merger is a performance strategy whose practice in gaining momentum in most settings due to its relevance in the current competitive society. The strategy provides viable incentives and synergies that enable organizations to improve on their standards of performance. Indeed, institutions wit h strong aspirations to recording vibrant performance levels should adopt the strategy. This is vital since it gives credible systems of engagement and operations that facilitate exemplary performance. It is imperative to note that mergers are strategic agreements between institutions that are set with an aim of enhancing service delivery and productivity. The agreements are driven under quality ideals and mutual understanding to ensure that the ultimate objectives are achieved. In most jurisdictions, for example, in US, mergers and strategic alliances remains innovative system of acquiring competitiveness and improvement on service delivery. The idea is under exploitation and is executed innovatively by various institutions. It has seen key institutions or organizations in diverse field of operations including health sector develop into vibrant corporations through consolidation of their potentials and synergies. The institutions have increased their performance capacity and servic e delivery systems to match the need of the consumers. In particular, the two health institutions that would materially benefit from this initiative are Georgia Baptist health care and Grant health organization. The two organizations would benefit from the initiative since they are set with pertinent mission and they hold complimentary capacities. That is Georgia heath care operate strong cancer clinics, coronary care centers and cancer treatment facility with limitation of financial or asset capacity for expansion that Grant health center has. This explains why the merger between the two institutions would yield quality results that would revolutionize service delivery in the health sector. The Companies, Justification and Imperativeness of the Merger As noted, the two companies selected for this study (Georgia health center and Grant medical center) are bound to receive substantial benefits from the merger initiative. This is evident since the institutions have strong complimentar y synergies that would steer development of health services. They would pull up and share resources to ensure that quality services  (Smith 1997) are delivered to in US citizens (Harris2006). The corporations are founded under strong mission to provide quality healthcare through adoption of conventional health care systems and resources. They seek to expand research on health issues to facilitate

DCFS Policy of Regulation of Day Care Centers Research Paper

DCFS Policy of Regulation of Day Care Centers - Research Paper Example In this paper a clear picture of the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) is given. The history of the DCFS policy is analysed along with the aim of the policy, services provided, beneficiaries of the policy, finances and funding of the DCFS policy etc. The History of the DCFS Policy: Since its inception in 1965, DCFS has played a major role in the protection of children. The DCFS came into being by making child welfare on a State basis from Illinois. The policy of DCFS has got momentum and started spreading in various states. The DCFS policy has reached from the State of Illinois to other states like Nevada, Utah, Louisiana, Los Angeles, Arkansas, etc. The Impetus for the DCFS Policy: The DCFS policy was created with the aim of protecting the children through all possible ways. The impetus behind the formation of DCFS is clear from its mission. â€Å"The mission of DCFS is to: †¢ Protect children who are reported to be abused or neglected and to increase their families' capacity to safely care for them †¢ Provide for the well-being of children in our care †¢ Provide appropriate, permanent families as quickly as possible for those children who cannot safely return home †¢ Support early intervention and child abuse prevention activities †¢ Work in partnerships with communities to fulfil this mission† (Mission Statement, 2009, para. 1). DCFS Programs or Services: ... Foster care is another service provided for the betterment of children and under this child who faces neglect or dependency or is abused is placed outside the home in a temporary place. A foster family doesn’t mean a permanent home for the child but a temporary shelter to protect the child. Adoption is a service of the DCFS for children without home or protection. DCFS provides a chance for the children who need care through the process of adoption. A society in a building block is constituted as family for these children who provide love and care to them for growing them as healthy adults. â€Å"The Department helps thousands of adoptable children to find a new home each year. Most children placed by DCFS were from homes so abusive or neglectful that it would be unsafe for them to return† (Adoption, 2009, para. 2). Day care centres and its regulation is another service or function of DCFS policy. For this the process of licensing, Protective/Family Maintenance Day Care Programs and Family Maintenance Day Care services are introduced. The main programs introduced by DCFS include licensing, Protective/Family Maintenance Day Care Programs and Family Maintenance Day Care services. The licensing of day care centre is done by the DCFS for the betterment and protection of children. It is the function of DCFS to give license and set standards for day care centres, homes, group homes and day care agencies in the state. Protective/Family Maintenance Day Care Programs is implemented by DCFS for protecting the children who are found to be neglected or abused. DCFS implemented the Family Maintenance Day Care services for taking effective steps in controlling the abuse and neglect of

Steve Job's success and his (responsibilities) as a leader for do Assignment

Steve Job's success and his (responsibilities) as a leader for do changes to face the external environment changes - Assignment Example For example, when he became the Apple CEO, the company started manufacturing an unsystematic assortment of computers and peripherals. However, through his leadership, Jobs cut down the production of a myriad of products and instead urged his team to focus on making only four computers, and this was a success (Emerald, 2002). As a transformational leader, Steve Jobs took his responsibility from the end to end. In particular, he not only created a new vision for the company but was also involved in institutionalizing the change (Eisenbach, Watson & Pillai, 1999). He knew that in order to gain simplicity in Apple devices was to ensure a seamless integration of the hardware, software and other peripheral parts (Isaacson, 2012). Consequently, he was involved in fulfilling this in the Apple products that were produced. In a nutshell, Steve Jobs provided a clear responsibility and priorities with extensive communication and freedom to improvise. He experimented with ideas and also linked his projects to the future with predictable intervals (McKnight, 2013). Steve Jobs was able to change the culture of Apple from being quantity focused on quality focused. In particular, he was able to create a small manageable product portfolio that ended up attracting huge revenues for the company. In the first place, he recognized the need for change in the way things were done at Apple. The recognition came from the fact that Apple was having declining sales figures and posting poor financial results. Consequently, he provided a vision of the company’s future about the need to turn things around and make Apple profitable (Schein, 1996). Upon communication of his vision for the company, Jobs began seeking for solutions from members who agreed on reducing the company’s product portfolio and concentrating on improving quality of the remaining products. The reduction also meant to lay off of workers to manageable levels

Creativity and Innovation to Further Developing Countries

Creativity and Innovation to Further Developing Countries The keyword to be an successful country is develop two important abilities that will help you think in a different and intelligent way to develop your ideas and your beliefs. The purpose of this research is to develop the creativity and innovation in developing countries by increasing the systems education in three different ways. Furthermore, this paper discuss about the importance of develop creativity and innovation for the future of countries. Creativity is define like the ideas that come up to your mind to follow anything that you want to do and innovation is the process to became your ideas or inventions in something that help the people or the environment. Finally, the main idea of this paper is to find the best solutions to solve the problem of creativity and innovation by improving the traditional model of system education. Keywords: creativity, innovation, system education, develop. There are so many countries in the world, and this countries are classifieds according to how much developed they are. First of all, we have countries that are developed a lot of because they produces many things like technology, weapons, food, raw material (wood, iron, cotton, crude oil, etc) for the others that doesnÂÂ ´t have this advantages. Therefore, these develop countries are in the top, but how could they develop more than the others? the answer is very simple. These develop countries made a change in their system education by improving so many things that will help students to be prepared in the future because they know that students are the 100% of their future. As a result, the best solution to improve the road of being a develop country in the world is focused in creativity and innovation of each people could have, but how we can improve this skills? We can improve these skills by following the next steps: First, schools should increase hours of extracurricular clas ses. Secondly, students must interact with the environment. Finally, using technology in the process of learning-teaching can help to everyone with innovate ideas. Schools should increase hours of extracurricular classes Currently, schools are an important parts of our lives because there we learn how to front any problem that we could have, and also we learn many skills that help us to develop in the future. But what is wrong with schools nowadays? the problem is that they are killing the creativity and innovation by obligating us to think in the way that they want. The recently model of system education have one purposed, and it is to became students in university professors. They have in mind that if you made less mistakes, you will be a perfect person. So this means, education system just are focused in science subjects such as math, chemistry and physics, and this is a big problem because each person believe that you will be successful if you have lot of science degrees. But no one knows that they could be better if they develop creativity and the capacity of innovate (Robbinson, 2006). Of course we can develop creativity in schools by increasing hours of extracurricular classes because in that classes we learn how to be an artist, and when you said artist everyone thinks in creativity. Scientists says that every person in the world develop the 80% of their brain when they are in the childhood, so what they need? They need classes about science, but they also need extracurricular classes like music or dance because in that classes they will express their creativity in an easily way. For example, a little girl called Gillian was accused that she has a learning disorder because she canÂÂ ´t get focus while she was receiving classes. So her mom took her to the doctor because she was worried, but the doctor was talking with Gillian alone, and while they were talking Gillian was dancing, So he understand that she didnt have any disorder learning. Then he goes to Gillians mom and he said that Gillian doesnÂÂ ´t have problem, he explain that her daughter is a dancer, she needs to move to think. After, GillianÂÂ ´s mom understand that her daughter need to go to learn dance and finally Gilliam became in a professional choreographer and she made important works such as Cats and Phantom of the Opera (Robbinson, 2006). In a brief, people lost their creativity because in schools they just learn mechanically and they donÂÂ ´t learn how to develop their ideas or how to express their opinions. Students must interact with the environment Everyone could become in creativity people if they learn by themselves. Many people in the world are autodidact people because they like o learn by their own methodology. This is an excellent way to became in a creativity people because you find out or sometimes you create your ways to make easily studies. A big example could be scientist because they are always looking for new things, so what they need is a lot of creativity and innovative ideas to get what they want. However, people says that scientist are not creativity people because they use statistics and data, so for the people this is not creative is just like a lot of information (Ossola, 2014). The main idea is to add the option forÂÂ   students that can interact with their environment to understand better and increase their creativity. For example, if students are learning about the nature, they should go outside to the forest and they will be able to learn how everything works in the environment, and also this is an interesting and funny way to learn because is not boring and you will be entertaining. Moreover, you can find another advantage about learn interacting with the environment because when you are outside you will found many information just looking, you dont need search it on the internet or books, is an easily way to obtain real and good information about something. Using technology in learning-teaching process Nowadays, technology is the best sources that humans could created. Technology have many uses in all the world. We could find technology everywhere like in medicine, weapons and even in our houses. Technology is everything and also is an important tool for education because we could use it for teach and also learn in schools or colleges. Furthermore, each school has technology to support the knowledge of students, but while more technology have schools, they will be considerate better than the others. The last step to improve developing countries into develop one is improving all the technology from schools as many as they can. For example, people could use Duolingo platform that teaches language through gaming (Segal, 2016) to learn in a funny way and creative way. Also technology is an excellent way to teach students because they like new things, and they want to discover things. So technology is like a motivated tool that make students want to learn by themselves. In summary, we could improve any developing country by increasing important skills such as creativity and innovation because creativity is process that you develop to make sense any ideas that you have in mind and innovation is the success of created any idea. So there are many steps to develop your abilities like the importance of schools should increase the hours of classes that help you develop your ideas and also it help you to make strongly opinions about any topic. References Ossola, A. (2014). Scientist Are More Creative Than You Might Imagine. The Atlantic , np. Robbinson, S. K. (nd de February de 2006). TED. Recuperado el 15 de February de 2017, de TED: https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity?language=en Segal, S. (2016). The case for disruption in Latin AmericaÂÂ ´s classrooms. Usa Published , np.

Free Huckleberry Finn Essays: Ignorance :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ignorance While there are many themes expressed in the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn one makes a stronger presence by its continued, if not redundant display of itself. Far too often in society people's lack of knowledge on a given subject causes their opinions and actions to rely strictly on stereotypes created by the masses. This affliction is commonly known as ignorance. This is curable but people have to become open-minded and leave their reliance on society's viewpoints behind them. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, the ignorance of society becomes extremely evident at many parts of the book. Society forms ideals for all walks of life and then lets them become like stone in their minds. Thus, once a person has been put into a group they will remain there forever. The ignorance of society is clearly seen when one looks at Huck Finn, Jim the Slave, Pap, and the senseless violence of the Grangerfords and the Shepardsons. Many people see Huckleberry Finn as a mischievous boy who is a bad influence to others. Society refuses to accept Huck as he is and isn’t going to change its opinions about him until he is reformed and civilized. The Widow Douglas and Miss Watson try to "sivilize" Huck by making him stop all of his habits such as smoking, etc. They try to reverse all of his teaching from the first twelve years of his life and force him to become their stereotypical good boy. The rest of the town also refused to view him as good and he was considered undesirable. The only time that the town's people are able to put away their views of Huck was when there was excitement to be found, like when they all crowded on the steamboat to see if the cannons can bring Huck's body to the surface. Everyone got interested in him and tried to show that they cared about him, but this is only after he is presumed dead. They take on these views to follow society in its ignorance. Few of them would have cared abou t Huck before because they didn't know him and didn't want to know him, but since taking interest in mysteries was the popular thing to do, society did it. Although Huck is viewed in an ignorant light, he was also in accordance with this novel and very ignorant himself.

Principles Of Safeguarding And Protection Essay

Sexual abuse – This is unwanted sexual activity that is forced upon a person without their consent, this includes rape, making them watch pornography, pestering them by making sexual suggestions or comments, or they were pressured into consenting. Emotional/psychological abuse – This is controlling behaviours like shouting and calling the service user names. Could be threats of harm or of being abandoned, being deprived of contact with others, being humiliated, controlled, intimidated, kept in isolation or being withdrawn from supportive networks or services. Financial abuse – Taking control of money and bank accounts. These include theft, fraud, exploitation, property or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits. Institutional abuse – Institutional abuse comprises of neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, psychological, emotional and financial abuse. Residents are not allowed to go out, private letters opened and read, shown no respect for their privacy. Service users interests are not taken into consideration, they are given more medication than required. Complaints procedure is not made available to the resident. Self neglect – An adult that fails to take care of their health and is likely to cause serious physical, mental or emotional harm to themselves. Neglect by others – ignoring medical or physical needs. Fail to provide access to health, social care or educational services, withholding medication, not giving adequate nutrition and heating also clothing etc. Signs and symptoms associated with each type of abuse Physical abuse – these include bruising around well protected and covered areas, fractures, burn marks, fear, depression and unexplained weight loss or hair loss, flinching. Sexual abuse – Unexplained change in their behaviour, difficulty in walking, sitting. Injuries to genital area, bloodstained underwear, pregnancy and STD’s. Emotional/psychological abuse – Withdrawal, depression, change in their sleep patterns. Agitated, feeling confused. Change in their behaviour, change with their appetite, losing or gaining weight. Low self esteem and confidence. Financial abuse – Unpaid bills. Basic needs not being met, lack of personal possessions and clothes. Lack of money on a day to day basis. Unexlained money being taken from their bank account. Keeping the service user away from their family and friends, so that the support worker has total control. Institutional abuse – No flexibility at meal times or bedtimes. Dirty bedding and clothing. Lack of care plans, misuse of medication, staff have no regard for the residents privacy they enter into the residents room without knocking. Self neglect – Poor personal hygiene. Inappropriate clothing, confusion, malnourishment, incorrect medication could be over or under medicating, skin sores. Neglect by others – Poor personal hygiene including soiled clothing, inappropriate clothing, and the resident could have bed sores, and may be constantly hungry due to lack of food. Suffer from different illnesses. Factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse The resident could be suffering from a mental disability such as dementia. The resident could be using illegal drugs or be an alcoholic. They could be isolated, suffering from depression. The resident may be suffering from low self esteem or self worth. All of these can make that person more vulnerable to abuse. Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse If a service user was showing signs of abuse, changes in their behaviour, marks or bruises on their body I would ask the service user what has happened, and tell them the changes that I have noticed. I will listen carefully; it is up to them to tell me what has happened. I will not ask them any questions, I will stay calm. I will record what the service user tells me using their own words. I will reassure the service user and explain to them that their safety is most important and it’s my duty of care to inform the manager. The report will be confidential. I will let my manger know what has happened immediately in private. I will only record and report the facts that the service user told me. Depending what is found the service user may need to be monitored, plus a care plan put into place to protect the service user that must be followed. The actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused. Report the service user’s allegation to the manager in private. I would record the facts on appropriate paperwork using their words. I will listen and not judge the service user. I will establish what has happened and report any suspicions to my manager. I will reassure the service user at all times, and take the allegations seriously. I will speak clearly and precise and will avoid asking leading questions. I will date and sign the paperwork, get it signed by witnesses if there are any. Photographs will be taken of the evidence if this is possible. Identify ways to ensure evidence of abuse is preserved Record the facts immediately Report immediately Do not tamper with the evidence. Leave things as they are do not touch anything. Do not clean or wash what the service user is wearing. Do not handle service users’ clothes or bedding. Keep the area safe; do not let anyone enter the area. Keep any first aid items that have been used. Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from  abuse National Policies – Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006, the Vetting and Barring Scheme run by the independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA), Criminal Records Bureau, and Human Rights act 1998. Local Systems – Safeguarding Adult Boards, Safeguarding policies and procedures for vulnerable adults. Safeguarding Adult Boards – these bring together a number of local agencies that work with vulnerable adults to share their information and monitor their work, i.e agencies like the police, housing teams and advocacy groups. The Police – their role is to safeguard vulnerable adults, investigate reports of vulnerable adult abuse, to protect and uphold the rights of all vulnerable adults. CQC – to monitor and provide guidance on what health and social care provides must do to safeguard vulnerable adults from abuse, Safeguarding policies, procedures and systems are in plac e to prevent vulnerable adults from abuse. Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse Winterbourne Hospital had and inspection of its services after allegations of abuse. The report came after Panarama filmed patients being pinned down, slapped and doused in cold water; they were taunted and teased even though whistle blower Terry Bryan had warned of what was happening to the management and the Care Quality Control on a number of occasions. CQC inspectors found Castlebeck care failed to make sure that service users were adequately protected from risk. There was failure to protect service users or to investigate allegations of abuse. The provider also failed to notify CQC of serious accidents and times when service users went missing. Staff did not understand the needs of the service users that were in their care. Methods of restraint would be used without any alternatives. Inspectors found that staff had been working there without any background in care service. Castlebeck failed to meet standards required by law including  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ They did not report major incidents to the Quality Care Commission as required’ The delivery of care did not meet the service users’ individual needs. They did not have systems to assess and monitor the quality of services. They did not identify or manage risks relating to health welfare and the safety of the service users. They did nothing regarding complaints and people about the service. Investigations into the conduct of staff were not robust and did not safeguard the service users. No reasonable steps were  taken to prevent abuse before it occurred. There were ineffective recruitment procedures, not appropriate training and supervision to staff. How to identify sources of information and advice about my own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse This can be done in a number of different ways from training and advice from training centres Social Services Care Quality Commission From books The Internet My companies’ policies and procedures on safeguarding My manager and work colleagues Independant Safeguarding Authority. Understand how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by Working with person centred values – By working with person centred values, individuality, privacy, choice, independence dignity respect and partnership, the service user is encouraged to live as independently as possible. By promoting choice and rights for a service user then they are making their own choices, and not having them made for them. They are more independent. Complaints procedures should be in place and be accessible to them; it’s then less confusing for them to have the confidence to report any abuse. Encouraging active participation To encourage a service user to participate and make their own decisions, for example to ask them if they would like to have a bath or a shower. It is good practise to involve the service user with their care plan as it’s about them, this reduces the risk of abuse and also gives them confidence to speak up if there is an issue. The service user is an active partner in their own care or support, rather than a passive recipient. Promoting choice and rights Promoting choice and rights is all of the above; it’s about the service user taking control of their life, even if it’s in a small way by deciding what they want for breakfast. It allows them to be an individual, to have rights  and wishes recognised. The importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse If a complaints procedure is easily accessible abusers would be more likely challenged about their behaviour, knowing this would make them less likely to abuse. It also helps the vulnerable service users to feel protected and less likely to accept abuse. Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices Unsafe practices that may affect the well being of individuals. These could be due to Unsafe administration of medication Breaking confidentiality Inadequate food Inadequate toileting – dressing etc Inappropriate physical contact Failure to maintain professional boundaries Unreliable systems for dealing with service user’s money and personal possessions. Failure to ensure supervision Inappropriate physical contact with regards to moving and handling Inadequate service users personal care plans Not carrying out tasks to a standard that caters to the individual’s needs and personal preferences. Lack of staff training Staff to tired to do their job correctly Every time a short cut is taken on a procedure it could affect the well being and safety of others. Actions to take if unsafe practices have been identified Follow the organisations policies and procedures Protect and ensure the safety of the individual Report to the line manager Preserve any evidence Record and report – write a confidential report about what is suspected and why. Actions to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response If I have reported abuse or unsafe practices and nothing has been done by my line manager, I would contact the Care Quality Commission, social services and contact police if  necessary As part of the process is to contact the local care standards inspectorate. The person that it was reported to should do this if they have not then it may be considered abuse or neglect. If I suspect that this has happened i can also blow the whistle on my employer.

Kennedy and the shadow on FDR essays

Kennedy and the shadow on FDR essays Since the beginning of the glorious post-World War II days to the dawn of the revolutionary 1960's, the United States had been led by an uninspiring, "ordinary" farmer who had led the country into yet another war. Additionally, despite the continuing economic boom, the obsequious societal tension produced by the enduring Cold War, the escalating civil rights movement, and the alienation of the "Other America" helped to cultivate a nation in great need of hope and inspiration as it entered the tumultuous era of the 1960's. It was such a scenario which John F. Kennedy faced upon his presidential inauguration; one which Kennedy's presence would, over the course of his three years in office, help to simplify. However, though his positive effects upon the country are undeniable, these effects resulted more from Kennedy's inspirational demeanor, rather than his lacking in both leadership skills and "presidential" character and as with every president since 1945 a shadow of FDR loomed over the office. There are those who believe that Kennedy shared many of the same characteristics Franklin D. Roosevelt displayed during his career. This is a fairly presumptuous thing to do, given the height to which history has rightly elevated Roosevelt - the conqueror of depression and war, who's mere image carried the ability to move citizens to tears in inspiration. However, Kennedy undeniably carried on some of Roosevelt's legacy as an inspiration; where Roosevelt inspired with blind optimism and courage, Kennedy inspired with seemingly youthful vigor. He was, after all, the youngest president to date, and his similarly youthful and intellectual cabinet, classic good looks, and beautiful family restored spirit in a dejected public, convinced that a young man of great ability and progressive ideals sat in the Oval Office set the country at ease. A testament to just how high in opinion the public held him was its enthusiastic approval when, after Kenne...

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Book review of Chris Grey's book A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Essay

Book review of Chris Grey's book A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book About Studying Organizations (200 - Essay Example Also, these contemporary theories ignore the opportunities of further evolution in management sciences and consider the application of management theories a simple task with predictable outcomes, whereas the truth is that organizations are more than just management with high degree of uncertainty and ability to digress from the standards suggested by scientific management. Christopher Grey has managed to provide a book which compiles both classic and contemporary theories related to organizational management. While writing this book, Grey has attempted to combine the management and organization theories by amalgamating their outcomes. The book stands on a rationale that organizational theories and management are no different since management is an integral part of practices taking place in an organization. The work of Grey is important on the basis that where other books and literary works have limited the application of organizational theory only to the corporations and institutions , Grey argues that organizations by means of a structure, is more comprehensive than that. He views the application of organization as a concept in overall social spectrum; even in a family structure as well (Callahan, 2009). The book itself is meant for readers who have prior knowledge of other management concepts and organizational studies. Since management of the organizations act as the gist of the book, therefore all the chapters which discuss parts of organizations also deal with the management theories (Donaldson, 2006). Through this book, Grey has asserted that where other books on organization possess a lot of knowledge covered in hundreds of pages, the contents discussed are either too generic or faulty to understand. Therefore, he presents arguments on different areas of organizational management based on the arguments presented by previous theories. Grey has mentioned time and again that organizational theory has been misunderstood or explained in a manner which illustra tes the importance of job to be done however questions like who is expected to define the methods and who will perform the job, remain unanswered. Therefore, in order to illustrate this communication gap between the actual and perceived forms of organizational theory, this book discusses leadership, people management, importance of bureaucracy, fast capitalism and change management (Callahan, 2009). In order to deliver his point of view, Grey has used an assertive approach towards combining the classic and contemporary theories. The approach does seem like a mannerism to draw lacking in other’s work which appears rather unethical. However, the basic purpose in the book is to illustrate how organizations behave, evolve and relate to resources associated to them. The crux of this discussion is human resources itself (Donaldson, 2006). Through his arguments, Grey illustrates how bureaucracy is related to scientific management of the organization (Aulich, 2012). He discussed seve ral management styles and also the implications of applying generalized theories in the problematic areas. By doing so, Grey argues that organizations have flexible nature like people and applying fixed solutions provided by management consultants only consumes time, resources and energy. He further argues that while solving a problem, managers need to show susceptibility to presence of different solutions and selection of the

Is it right to reject the concept and practices of development Essay

Is it right to reject the concept and practices of development Critically discuss with reference to at least one practical example of political activism. - IR - Essay Example In view of the global stratifications, development entails the various levels of political, social and economic achievements of the country in consideration. In achieving these set standards defining development, the countries meet various challenges as they structure their concepts and practices for development. These concepts and practices constitute development agenda for the various countries. In the discourse of development, the sectors of the concepts and practices incorporate the three key essentials of economic, social and political milestones in development (Ove, 2013, p 313). All these concepts emanate from the various political activism procedures, developing the concepts and procedures accordingly. For instance, in analyzing the concepts of development form the economic perspective, various theories and approaches as well as challenges to these concepts are evident. Escobar, as he seeks to evaluate the concepts of economic development in the relation to third world countries, he notably states and evaluates the role of economists in the processes incorporated in development (Escobar, 1995, p 7). Thus, this as a starting point, considering the concept of economic perspectives in development, several factors come into consideration. Firstly, what constitute the economy of the country in question, as well as, the facilitators of this concept of development. The economy of a country vastly defines the class it belongs to in the global stratifications. Economic power is essentially the driving factor of development although it may not sustain the entire development process on its own (Bhatia, 2012, p 131). The concept of development form economic approach encompasses, firstly, the concept of resources that the country posses in determining its success level (Santander, 2014, p 65). The factor of distribution of natural resources within the various geographical locations is a relatively highly controversial concept in the process of

Contemporary leadership issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary leadership issues - Research Paper Example Effective leaders are able to influence employees, organizational departments and teams to work towards an organizational goal of outperforming their competitors. Multinational companies operate under different external environmental factors and employ people from different regions across the globe. The leadership must therefore motivate and influence the diverse employees towards a collective organizational goal in different regions (Tayeb 14). Nestle company is among the most successful companies that has been able to influence its employees to forego their cultural diversity and goals to adopt the company’s cultural practices in a vibrant business environment across the globe. This paper will critically evaluate nestle company in regards to its products, operations, culture and leadership. Company Analysis Nestle is a leading international company dealing with dietary, health and well-being foods and beverages. It’s headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland and runs over 4 60 production plants in 83 nations across the globe and employs over 330,000 staff from all nationalities. The company’s history dates back to 1866 when Henri Nestle launched the first products to save a neighbor kid. Growth of the company is based on nutrition, corporate culture, flexibility and international diversity. In 1905 the company merged with Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company to form Nestle and Anglo-Swiss Milk Company (Zehnder). Over the years the company has launched different nutritional products. The company’s brand mainly consists of food and beverages for all individuals including those with specific health requirements and includes baby foods, nutritional cereals, water, chocolates, coffee, confectionary, dairy products, cold and hot drink products, ice-cream, foods, frozen foods, healthcare nutrition, and pet care among others (Nestle. com). The main objective of the company is to improve the quality of life of its customers by offering quality and n utritious food products as well as the lives of its employees and other stakeholders by adjusting to the dynamic environment whereas its basic values of integrity, fairness and appreciation of people’s health remains the same. The company has a management strategy that ensures diversity, accountability and professionalism across all levels of management. This is portrayed in their executive board of directors that consist of 13 members from nine different nationalities while its headquarters employs people from almost a hundred countries (Zehnder). CEO Bio Paul Bulcke is the current chief executive officer of Nestle Company (Annual Report 2012 6). He was choosing to this position in April 2008 after working in the company for thirty years. Paul Bulcke was born in the year 1954 and joined Nestle when he was 25 years after working for another company in the position of financial analyst (Zehnder). He served in various management in operations, marketing and management positions before being appointed to lead nationwide operations in Portugal in the year 1996, in the year 1998 he was the leader in Czech and Slovak regions and in the year 2000 he was moved to German. During his tenure in these regions the

United States South Korean Alliance Essay Example for Free

United States South Korean Alliance Essay About 55 years have been passed since the U. S. -R. O. K. alliance, a pillar of East Asia security indeed, which has been proven to be quite successful and beneficial to both the countries in the history of International Relations. For the Republic of Korea, the security guaranteed by this alliance has acted as a major instrument for its transformation. While on the other end, the United States expresses its gratified sentiments to have played a vital role in supporting the progression of democracy, human rights and in holding out its aid for the very survival of the population in the Republic of Korea. A set of mutually related policies of understanding and agreement exist in this alliance. There happens to be a series of goals, whose accomplishment has been a shared responsibility of both the partners. A strong foundation indeed, this firm security alliance has turned the very relationship into a more mature and inclusive partnership for both the countries. However, lately, this longstanding alliance has undergone an intricate time. There exist a number of challenges which seem to pose quite a concentrated threat to this collaboration. Concerns are growing at both ends, with experts and historians wondering over what the future would be for this alliance. Nonetheless, deep down, both the parties foresee the much feared atrophy as a terrible mistake. â€Å"Experts say friction in the U. S. -South Korean relationship is hardly new, but the alliance has managed to endure. † And for a continued survival, both the countries need to envision a renewed perspective towards the very many present and forthcoming challenges. The History Following the post-World War II splitting of the peninsula between the then occupying forces of the United States in the south and the now called Soviet Union in the north, as the promised national elections continued to pend, the United Nations in 1948 finally pronounced the Republic of Korea (R. O. K. ) as the only legal and rightful government on the peninsula. This assertion was highly rejected by the Soviets. In retaliation, the Democratic Republic of Korea (DPRK) invaded South Korea in 1950. This was the time when the United States held out its support and reached to the rescue. Insuperable challenges had to be faced as the struggle continued till 1953, and an armistice finally took effect. It was in 1954, that the United States and South Korea approached and mutually signed the U. S. -R. O. K. Mutual Security Agreement. In this, they corresponded to protect each other in the episode of outside aggression. Present Challenges to the Alliance Society does change with time. For natives it may be acceptable as it is about their own country, but when it is in relation to some other country, even if it is a coalition partner, things get a little complicated. For both South Korea and United States, the issue of raising public awareness , of the changes taking place in each other’s society is the biggest challenge fronting their alliance. The impact of the September 11 attacks on America, and the resulting magnitude of its effect wasn’t and still isn’t fully appreciated. Similarly, on the part of Americans, it is also tough for them to cope with the radical changes evolving within Korea. For America, the September 11 attacks chiefly affected their foreign relations, as well as the political, domestic and economic landscape. If considered in some other context, rather than that of September 11 and the subsequent fundamental changes it brought to the American society, the U. S. policy of fighting against terrorism and weapons of mass destruction and promoting the spread of autonomy and social equality as the best solution to extremist ideologies, creates unrest in the international community. Thereupon, the South Korean government unwaveringly and gallantly supported the war on terrorism, at the same time exposing itself as a fervent supporter of democracy around the world and playing an active role in encouraging constructive changes in the developing world. Such common interests of the two countries and next to no areas of conflict are a merit in their alliance. In 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae-jung adopted the â€Å"sunshine policy,† an Asian variant of the â€Å"Ostpolitik† policies pursued by West Germany toward the Communist East during the Cold War. Kim extended his proposal of economic and altruistic support to North Korea. In return it asked the North Korean government to be humble in recouping the contacts between long-divided families and other cultural concession, under the intention to defrost the inter-Korean relations. However, a generational divide largely exists in South Korea over how to handle it. The abysmal memory of the 1950 war that frets the older generation about relations with the DPRK, while the younger generation’s empathy with the impoverished North Korea, and who instead, has powerful reminiscence of their own nation’s tyrannical rule, are indeed two opposite sides of the picture. Due to this generational fault line, a paradigm shift has been brought about in the foreign policy objectives, as many Koreans of today’s time, who grew up in a room knowing only democracy, independence, freedom and global impact, no longer see North Korea as an enemy. Instead, they consider it a partner in need of support and understanding. They expect to achieve genuine peace, settlement and reunion through augmented exchanges and collaboration with North Korea. Now here, the North Korea’s nuclear program appears in the limelight, being a big challenge to South Korea and its alliance with the U. S. In 1994, four countries consisting of North and South Korea, Japan and the United States arrived at â€Å"Agreed Framework† Pact whose purpose was to end the North’s nuclear weapons research in return for economic and political privileges. In order to carry out the terms of the pact, the â€Å"Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization† (KEDO) was established by the United States, Japan and North Korea. But it wasn’t far away when North Korea started violating the agreement and troubles started rising. The U. S. President Bush terminated diplomatic talks with North Korea in 2001. The relations kept on fraying, and in 2005 when North Korea claimed that it has nuclear weapons, followed by the July 2006 long-range missile tests that it carried out, operated to further aggravate tensions. This made the U. S. to hard-boil against the DPRK. Due to this, South Korea, on the other end, also had to cut the humanitarian aid to its northern neighbor. At the same time, however, South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun, who did not want to lose ground on the progress that had been made so far in the inter-Korean relations, tried to give a lower profile to the July missile tests, being of the view that the weapons were not as much a bigger threat to the United States as they were for Seoul, the capital of South Korea. In reality, for South Korea, the North Korean nuclear weapons, is not a critical issue – it never was. In fact, its prime concern is how to settle the issue of national unification and incorporate North Korea back into the world’s most active region, whether or not there are nuclear weapons. In contrast, U. S. concerns are global and military. Being so over focused on the anti-terrorism issue, the United States has been emphasizing on denuclearizing the North, viewing this policy as a narrow addition to its anti-terrorism policy. Therefore, the attitude toward DPRK missile tests and the disapproval shown by the South Korean President towards such an increased authorization incensed the U. S. government. South Korea also, in return, objected the fact America is ignoring about all the gains it has made so far. Such beliefs and different strategic priorities have led to serious strains, resulting in the upsetting of the U. S. -South Korean alliance. Regarding the issue, the Six-Party talks among the United States, Russia, Japan, China, North and South Korea, was thought to act as a basis for a closer coordination between the two alliances, and also for the purpose of convincing North Korea to join the international community by giving up its nuclear weapons program, and getting out of its self-imposed remoteness.

Historical Narrative: Beacon In A Sea Of Darkness :: essays research papers fc

The day started as usual. I got out of bed. My eyes sore from lack of sleep. My feet hit the cold floor, sending a shudder through my spine. It's a shame. In the winter, the weatherman will tell you that tomorrow will be a warm one, but warm for winter in New York is still blisteringly cold (Weather 53). I looked at the clock. 7:50 AM. No time for breakfast. I had to get to work. In this business, either you were there on time to take someone's case or he went to another detective. I grabbed my coat and started running down the apartment stairs, trying to wave down a taxi. My landlord tried to nab me and complain about my late rent, but I had not time to trifle with him. I jumped into the first taxi I saw and told the driver to take me to the corner of 7th and Elm. Whin I got to the office, Rose, my secretary, was on the phone talking to her fiance ("Miss" 30). Her husband to be was a real sweet talker, but he was a Communist, which made my blood hot. Such a shame, a fine broad going to waste like that. She whispered goodbye to him and hung up the phone. "Any calls for me while I was out, Rose?" "No, Sam, the morning's been pretty quiet so far," she replied. "Here's the morning paper as you requested. The coffee should be hot and ready in just a few minutes." "You're a doll, you know that, Rose? I swear my morning would be a nightmare if it weren't for you. I've got a couple of tickets to the next Yankees game if you'd like to go out. I hear Mantle and Rizzuto are hitting pretty well" (Effrat 34). "Mr. Brock! Thank you very much, but I'm engaged. I can't go off on a weekend dating spree right before I get married. What would others think? They'd call me a floozy for sure!" "Well, I thought it was worth a try. Give me a holler if you change your mind. I'll be in my office if anything comes up." I walked into my office, about to shut the door, when I stopped myself. "Rose, what do you see in that guy anyway? Did he trick you into marriage or was he just the only guy left in the store?" "Despite what you may think of him, I find him very attractive.

Exam 1 Study Guide – Marketing 360

Chapter 1 – Overview of Marketing * Inertia to Passion * * 80/20 Rule * â€Å"80% of profits come from 20% of consumers† * Economies of Scale * The more you make of something, the less it costs per unit * i. e. Microsoft Office 2014 * Wholesale – Costco * Understand Marketing Mix (4 P’s)/From Customer Perspective 4 Cs * Marketing Mix: A combination of the product itself, the price of the product, the place where it is made available, and the activities that introduce it to consumers that creates a desired response among a set f predefined consumers * Marketing Mix consists of;Marketer| Consumer| Product| Customer Solution| Price| Customer Cost| Promotion| Communication| Place| Convenience | * Exchange * Pg. 12 â€Å"Occurs when a person gives something and gets something else in return. The buyer receives an object, service, or idea that satisfies a need, and the seller receives something he or she feels is of equivalent value† * Trade currency * Tr ade services * Trade behaviors * Exchange Value * Criteria for a Market A market consists of all the consumers who share a common need that can be satisfied by a specific product and who have the resources, willingness, and authority to make a purchase * Utility – Time, Place, Possession, Form, Info * Utility: The usefulness or benefit consumers receive from a product * Time Utility: Storing products until they are needed * Place Utility: Making products available where customers want them * Possession Utility: Allowing the consumer to won, use, and enjoy the product * Form Utility: Transforming raw materials into finished products * What is Value?Components of Value * Value: Benefits a customer receives from buying a good or service * Value from the customer’s perspective: Price and benefits * Value from the seller’s perspective: Is the exchange profitable to them, has it made money * Build Value: Goal is to satisfy customer over and over again so that they can build a long-term relationship rather than just having a â€Å"one night stand† * Customers have value: Firms recognize that it can be very costly in terms of both money and human effort to do whatever it takes to keep some customers loyal to the company.Samsung Distribution ChannelVery often these actions pay off, but there are cases in which keeping a customer is a losing proposition * Lifetime value of a customer: How much profit they expect to make from a particular customer * Provide value through competitive advantage: Distinctive competency- a firm’s capability that is superior to that of its competition * Value from society’s perspective: * Customer Satisfaction Model * Customer Equity * Combined customer lifetime value of all customers Firing Customers * Sustainable Competitive Advantage * Competitive Advantage: Ability of firm to outperform competition, providing customers with benefit competition cant * Identify distinctive competency (firm’s capability superior to competition) * Turn distinctive competency into differential benefit (important to customers) * Sustainable Competitive Advantage * Distinctive Competencies; Differential Benefits * The Value Proposition * Philosophies (eras) Societal Marketing Orientation (New Era); Triple Bottom Line * Emphasis on satisfying broader needs of society (employees, stockholders, etc. ) This is like market orientation by there is a little something more * Being concerned with social issues†¦ doing things better for society and being genuinely concerned * Building long-term relationships * Also referred to as the â€Å"triple bottom line† * Environmental, social and financial bottom line * Building long-term relationships, not just satisfying a one time need * i. . McDonalds * Ronald McDonald House * Using paper hamburger cases vs. * If the bottoms (financial, social, environmental) become the norm, it becomes the marketing orientation * Marketing (customer) Orientatio n * A company that practices the marketing concept. Determining and then satisfying consumer needs and wants at a profit * Selling Orientation * Getting the product out the door! Reducing inventories.Product supply is greater than demand * Getting excess products out the door, the decisions you make will reflect on what orientation you will use * One time purchases, do not establish relationship with the customer * Competitor Orientation * Focus is on competitor intelligence. Learning and reacting to what the competition is doing * i. e. Lowe’s – Wherever there was a Home Depot, they would place a Lowe’s * Product Orientation * Emphasis is on making the product better, production efficiencies.Best when demand surpasses supply * How is this different from a marketing orientation? NOT asking what the customers want, making what they want. (It’s going to be cool and you’re going to want it) Chapter 2 – Strategic Planning * Mission, Marketing My opia * Mission statement describes organization’s overall purpose * How should we develop firm’s capabilities? * What products and benefits can we create for customers? * What business are we in? * What customers should we serve? Avoid marketing Myopia – Having a really narrow mission statement, or being short sided * SWOT ANALYSIS Assessment of Organization’s internal and external environment SWOT Analysis, SWOT interactions * * External Environment Identify opportunities and threats to firm from consumers, competitors, economy, etc. Internal Environment Identify strengths and weaknesses in firms employees, technologies, facilities, finances, etc. Leverage: Strengths + Opportunities * Vulnerability: Strengths + Threats * Constraint: Weaknesses + Opportunities * Problem: Weaknesses + Threats * Portfolio Analysis Portfolio Analysis – a management tools for evaluating a firm’s business mix and assessing the potential of its SBU’s * Indi vidual units within a company – Nike Swimming within Nike * SBU’s (Strategic Business Units)– Individual units within a firm, each having its own mission, objectives, resources, managers and competitors * BCG Matrix; Star, Dog, Question Mark, Cash Cow * Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Growth Matrix – Analyzes the potential of products to generate cash for a firm. Tells managers which products they should grow * i. . Different Products Owned by Larger Firm * Strategies for Each Portfolio * Business Portfolio: Stars * High industry growth * High relative market share * Consider potential to stay star * Requires much investment * Generates relatively high revenues * Cash Cows * Low industry growth * High relative market share * They are not spending a lot of money to communicate with consumers, they are just bringing in business * Economies of scale and high profit margins * Requires less investment * Generates relatively high revenues Helps you support other businesses and launch other business/ventures * Question Marks * High industry growth * Low relative market share * Consider potential to be star * Requires too much investment * Generates relatively low revenues * i. e. Samsung Galaxy – how to move it over to get more money? * Spending more money with less or a market share in comparison to other products * Dogs * Low industry growth * Low relative market share * Generates little profits * Fish or cut bait * Either get rid of it or reinvent it – determine a new use for it.Find a way that it has never been used before * **Exam Question** Selling cutting boards, more people are cooking at home, market for cutting boards (market growth rate) is high. Company makes bamboo cutting boards, has 10% market share * Relative to competition * Product-Market Growth Matrix * Marketers use the product-market growth matrix to analyze different growth strategies pg. 52 (the left of the table would read MARKET EMPHASIS with â€Å"New Markets† on the bottom left and â€Å"Existing Markets† on the top left) PRODUCT EMPHASIS Existing Products New ProductsMarket Penetration StrategySeek to increase sales of existing products to existing markets| Product Development StrategyCreate growth by selling new products in existing markets| Market Development StrategyIntroduce existing products to new markets| Diversification StrategyEmphasize both new products and new markets to achieve growth| * Strategic Alternatives – Market Penetration; Market Development; Product Development; Diversification * Market Penetration: Growth strategies designed to increase sales of existing products to current customers, nonusers, and users of competitive brands in served markets * Market Development: Introduce existing products to new markets (geographic area, or it may mean reaching new customer segments within an existing geographic area) * Product Development Strategies: Create growth by selling new products in exist ing markets.May mean extending the firm’s product line by developing new variations of the item, or it may mean altering or improving the product to provide enhanced performance * Diversification Strategies: Emphasize both new products and new markets to achieve growth. Chapter 3 – Marketing Environment * Economic Environment * Marketers must understand economy and business cycle * Level of Economic Environment; LDC, Developing Country, Developed Country * Level of economic environment: the broader economic picture of a country * Deciding whether or not a country will be a good prospect * LDC: Least Developed Country: A country at the lowest stage of economic development * In most cases, its economic base is agriculture * Africa and South Asia * Standard living is low and so are literacy levels * Developing Country When an economy shifts its emphasis from agriculture to industry, standards of living, education, and the use of technology rise * The future market for con sumer goods like skin care products and mobile phones * Developed Country * Boasts sophisticated marketing systems, strong private enterprise, and bountiful market potential for many goods and services * Economically advanced and they offer a wide rand of opportunities for international marketers * Competitive Environment Marketers must know what competitors are doing (Competitive Intelligence) * Micro vs. Macro Competition * Macro – Overall industry, big picture Monopoly – one seller controls market, some companies sued for owning a monopoly * Oligopoly – small number of sellers, each with large share of market, i. e. cars * Monopolistic Competition – (we often see this as consumers) Many different sellers each offering a different benefit and each having a small share of market, i. e. soaps * Perfect Competition – Many small firms all offering similar products, no influence (rare) * Micro environmental competition– Competition for $â€℠¢s with products in the same class, what product alternatives will consumers choose * Competes on 3 levels * For discretionary income – how are people spending disposable income * Product competition – different products meeting the same need, i. e. ravel * Brand competition – same product trying to meet the same need, i. e. treadmills * Competitive Market Structures; Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, Monopoly * See Competitive Environment * Levels of Competition – Brand (Direct), Product, Total Market Competition (Discretionary Income) * See Competitive Environment * Technological Environment; how does this change industry? * Understanding the impact of technology on all aspects of the business * Distribution * Inventory Control * Communication, etc. * Political/Legal Environment/Federal Legislation (Acts) * Legislation that influences business. Make sure people compete fairly. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) – intended to eli minate monopolies by prohibiting price fixing or predatory pricing * Vertical price fixing: When a manufacturer tells a retailer to sell at a fixed price * Vertical price fixing overturned by supreme court 2007 * Horizontal price fixing: When companies get together at the same level and agree to sell a product at the same price (Illegal) * Predatory price fixing: setting prices low to drive others out of business (Illegal) * Clayton Act (1914) – Prohibits tying contacts, take one product must take others * Nike – Violation of this act, LeBron shoes – Florida sued Nike for not delivering the shoes on time for â€Å"withholding† * Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) * Created the Federal Trade Commission to monitor unfair practices * Sociocultural Environment * Refers to the characteristics of the society, the people who live in that society, and the culture that reflects the values and beliefs of the society * Whether at home or in global markets, marketer s need to understand and adapt to their customs, characteristics and practices * Ethnocentrism The belief that one’s own norms and the products made in one’s country are superior * Bias occurs because we tend to use our own cultural frame of reference to judge other people * Ethnography: Researcher lives with people they are studying * Demographics * Statistics that measure observable aspects of a population * Population size * Age * Gender * Ethnic Group * Income * Education * Occupation * Family structure * Social Norms * Specific rules dictating what is right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable * What ways to dress, how to speak, what to eat and how to behave * Cultural Values * Deeply held beliefs about right and wrong ways to live, that it imparts to it’s members * Talking about sex in public * Product Standardization vs. Localization Advocates of standardization argue that the world has become so small that basic needs and wants are the same everywhere * A focus on the similarities among cultures is certainly appealing * Realize large economies of scale because it could spread the costs of product development and promotional materials over many markets * Consistent exposure also helps create a global brand because it forges a strong, unified image all over the world * Advocates for localization feel that the world is not that small; you need to tailor products and promotional messages to local environments * Marketers feel that each culture is unique, with a distinctive set of behavioral and personality characteristics Chapter 4 – Market Information/Research * Steps in Conducting Market Research (this bullet will answer almost every bullet in this section, so just read over this one it’s in detail) 1.Define the Research Problem a. Specify the research objectives: i. Symptom or problem? ii. Selling the wine for too much money – symptom†¦ problem is the type of cap! What is the true issue? b. Identify your po pulation of interest: iii. Look at surrounding environment iv. What’s happening in the environment, is it a symptom or a problem? 2. Determining Research Design c. Research Design: Specifies what information will be collected and what type of study will be done d. Must determine if we are collecting primary or secondary data v. Primary: We collect data ourselves 1. Finding exactly what you want vi. Secondary: Someone else collects the data . Quality may be cheaper, but not as precise 3. Often outdated e. Determining Specific Information Needs vii. Primary information: Data specifically collected and organized for a particular marketing information need. Original viii. Secondary information: Data gathered for some purpose other than the current marketing information need (i. e. f. Primary Data – 3 types ix. Exploratory (problem identification) 4. Qualitative technique used to generate insights for future, more rigorous studies a. Interviews (1 on 1) b. Focus Groups (8-1 0) c. Ethnographies (researcher lives with people they are studying) d.Projective techniques (take yourself and â€Å"project† yourself into the situation based on information given) i. i. e. Folgers instant coffee – surveyed women ii. If you were making instant coffee you were â€Å"short-changing† your husbands iii. Benefits and features x. Descriptive (problem solving) 5. Quantitative technique that probes more systematically and with more respondents e. How to quantify a qualitative data – use a scale 6. Think frequencies f. Identifying numbers (how many people walk by the mall on campus) 7. Helps identify attitudes of consumers that buy the products g. Satisfaction survey xi. Casual (problem solving) 8.Quantitative techniques that attempt to understand the cause-and-effect relationships h. Test hypotheses i. Independent variable: manipulation j. Dependent variable: measureable outcome 9. Experiments: lab 10. Field Studies: real world 11. Causal Resea rch Example k. I work for Nestle and I believe that chocolate country of origin has an impact on satisfaction with the chocolate iv. Dependent = satisfaction v. Independent = country of origin vi. Independent variable with 5 choices (USA, Mexico, Canada, etc) 1. The more conditions you add, the more subjects you need to have vii. Let’s add an additional IV nuts or no nuts 2.Country of origin (5 choices) x Nuts (2 choices) = 10 conditions 12. You can have as many IV’s as you want, but this increases the number of subjects you need 13. To determine causality you look to see if there is a difference | Exploratory| Problem-Solving| Purpose| Investigation| Actionable information| Research Problem| Not well defined| Specific| Type of data| Qualitative | Quantitative| Sample| Small| Large| 3. Primary Data Collection Methods g. Communication, surveys xii. Mail questionnaires xiii. Telephone interviews xiv. Face-to-face interviews xv. Online questionnaires h. Observation xvi. P ersonal 14. Stores hire researchers to watch people xvii. Mechanical 15.Device that tracks behaviors (black strip that measures how many cars pass a street†¦) * Different Research Study Designs * A plan that specifies what information marketers will collect and what type of study they will do * Cross-sectional design: A type of descriptive technique that involves the systematic collection of quantitative information * Longitudinal Design: A technique that tracks the responses of the same sample of respondents over time * Types of Data: Qualitative, Primary, Secondary * Primary: We collect data ourselves * Finding exactly what you want * Secondary: Someone else collects the data * Quality may be cheaper, but not as precise Often outdated * Qualitative: You cannot put a number on it†¦ i. e. are you happy? Yes or no * Quantitative: You can put a value/scale number on it * Validity and Reliability * Validity: The extent to which research actually measures what it was intended to measure * Reliability: The extent to which research measurement techniques are free of errors * Construct – did we measure what we intended to measure? * Internal – can you identify the true causal relationship (most important) * External – generalizability; does this hold true for my population of interest? * Sampling * The process of selecting respondents for a study Probability sample: Each member of the population has some known chance of being included * Nonprobability sample: The use of personal judgment to select respondents (some cases, they just ask whoever they can find, some members of the population may not be included at all) * Convenience Sample: Nonprobability sample composed of individuals who just happen to be available when and where data is being collected * Independent/Dependent Variables * Independent – manipulation * Dependent – measureable outcome * Advantages/Disadvantages of Primary Data Collection Techniques * Advantage s of primary data collecting * Original * Gathering information for a particular need * Disadvantages of primary data collecting * Expensive * Advantages of secondary data collecting * Cheaper, saves time * Disadvantages of secondary data collecting * Outdated * Data Mining Process in which analysts sift through data to identify unique patterns of behavior among different customer groups * Data mining has 4 primary applications for marketers 1. Customer Acquisition: Many firms include demographic and other information about customers in their database 2. Customer Retention and Loyalty: Firm identifies big-spending customers and then targets them for special offers and inducements other customers won’t receive 3. Customer Abandonment: A firm wants customers to take their business elsewhere because servicing them actually costs the firm too much 4. Market Basket Analysis: Develop focused promotion strategies based on the records of which customers have bought certain products * Data Collection in Other Countries and Cultures Market conditions and consumer preferences vary worldwide and there are major differences in the sophistication of market research operations and the amount of data available to global marketers * Some countries may not have phones, literacy levels may affect mail surveys * Understanding local customs and cultural differences can affect the responses * Solve this problem by including local researchers in decisions about the design * Language: To overcome language barriers, researchers use the process of back-translation – the process of translating material to a foreign language and then back to the original language Additional Topics * Stealth Marketing * When you’re being marketed to, and you don’t realize you’re being marketed to * i. e.Camera phones – Nokia, having employees ask people to take pictures with their camera phones (w/o launching a campaign) * Guerilla Marketing * Doing something in a non-conventional, unique way * i. e. shooting someone from behind a tree†¦ * First time using QR codes * Buzz vs. Hype * What’s the difference? Guerilla marketing is all about creating buzz (goal is to get people to talk about us) * Buzz – people talking about it * As a consumer, we believe buzz over hype * Hype – comes from the company * i. e. television commercial * Hull’s drive theory * As humans, we are wired to know what we need which drives us * Homeostasis -> equilibrium * i. e. shivering when you’re cold Study in 70’s (rise of mini theories) claim there are many contributors to consumers * Darwin’s biological determinism * What motivates us * Cowbird; lays eggs in another species nest * When that egg hatches, it automatically knows the cowbird song * BORN with what motivates us * Cannibalization * When a new product takes sales away from original (existing) product * i. e. Apple 4S to 5, or Coca cola to diet coke * Can b e good and can be bad, depending on the situation * When you introduce a new product and it isn’t good†¦ It can motivate people to move away from the brand as a whole * Negative- having to sell what’s in inventory * Traditional vs. non-traditional media types * Traditional vs.Nontraditional * Subliminal messaging * Self-help cassette tapes * Lose weight label – people got the stop smoking message * Stop smoking – people got the lose weight message * Placebo * All of the Knuff’s Knuggets * Syphilis study – KNUGGET * Testing the spread of syphilis across the spread of African Americans * Infected some people with syphilis, some were given treatment, some were told they would be given treatment – but weren’t * Unethical, U. S. Government backed this study and eventually was sued for millions by families * Milgrim Shock Study * †¦Why we have the IRB * Institutional Review Boards * QR Codes Measures the effectiveness of th e ad * Allows a large amount of information to be displayed in a small space * Part of technological environment * Internal validity is necessary, but not sufficient for establishing external validity *KNUGGET * We have to have internal validity, otherwise its garbage * Just because we have internal validity, does not mean we can generalize or say that we have external validity * Heider’s Balance Theory is one explanation * Suggests that we need to keep triangle in balance * or NIKE GOLF TIGER WOODS YOU All positives around the outsides, or two negatives and one positive