The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Essay Example

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals Paper E. Boos – Week 2 – Assignment February 17, 2013 The Enron and WoldCom Scandals ENRON 1. The segment of Enron’s operations that got them into difficulties had several parts. They published misleading financial reports. They could not meet their bridge financing commitment with Barclay Bank because outside investors were not found. Because of this, they restated activities of JEDI and Chewco SPEs so they could be retroactively consolidated into Enron’s accounts. The SPEs helped to hide the inaccurate accounting records. Enron’s legal department wrote contracts that helped provide a cover for misuse of funds regarding the SPEs. Future revenue was reported as current revenue. Stocks were paid with promissory notes instead of cash. They also engaged in off-the-books activities and excessive executive compensation. Enron’s board of directors allowed the executives, accountants and legal department to use Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), a type of partnership, in an attempt to camouflage their debt and create a facade of financial stability (Brooks, 2007). 3. Enron’s directors understood how profits were made. They also knew management’s activities were dishonest. Andrew Fastow was active in forming the SPE partnerships and his affiliation with LJM2 was a conflict of interest. When Enron began experiencing financial problems in October 2001, the board of directors began holding special meetings. They were paid with cash, restricted stock, phantom stock units and stock options. The Senate Subcommittee Report, dated July 8, 2002, found that the Enron board of directors was aware that employees participated in management of the SPEs which was a conflict of interest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron and Worldcom Scandals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The directors ignored the inaccurate accounting, extensive unrecorded activities and excessive executive compensation. The Senate report discovered that the board of directors knew of financial activities between Enron and some of the board’s members. The board permitted consulting services, internal audits, and external audits to be performed by the same company, namely, Arthur Andersen (Brooks, 2007). 5. Ken Lay was chairperson of the board. He reassumed the position of CEO after Skilling resigned. As CEO he oversaw all of Enron’s activities. Lay and Whaley directed Causey to sell the Raptor SPEs. The sale price of was privately negotiated between Fastor, on behalf of Enron, and Kopper on behalf of LJM2. Lay did not interfere when Arthur Andersen directed Enron to record the buyout excess money as income. He knowingly allowed fraudulent activities and false information to be included in the financial reports. This was unethical. The Powers Report identifies seven questionable accounting issues concerning the sale of the Raptors (Brooks, 2007). 6. The board of directors did not insist that full disclosure of Enron’s earning be made available to the public and the shareholders. They allowed inaccurate reports to be published. Since they did not challenge management involvement in fraudulent activities, this meant the shareholders interests were not protected (Brooks, 2007). 9. Conflict of interest concerning SPE activities occurred because Enron employees were active in managing certain SPEs. Losses were not reported in end of year reports to offset other nonprofitable dealings. Arthur Andersen did not report all of the earnings and helped Enron cover up losses. When Andrew Fastow, wanted to manage the SPE, Chewco, he was advised by Jeffrey Skilling who was on the board of directors, that he should not manage Chewco because it would be a conflict of interest. Instead, Fastow appointed Michael Kopper who worked for him at Enron, to manage Chewco (Brooks, 2007). WORLDCOM 1. To inflate their profit in the current period, WorldCom created overstatements of cash flow and income by inaccurately reporting line costs. Line costs were a major expense to WorldCom. They were payments WorldCom made to third party telecommunicator network providers for the right to access their networks. These costs should have been shown as an expense rather than appearing on the income statement (Brooks, 2007). 2. WorldCom’s board of directors could have prevented the manipulation of revenue that management used if they had not been intimidated by Bernie Ebbers. They allowed themselves to be intimidated by Bernie Ebbers when he did not want their questions answered or give them more definitive explanations. Eventually, they demanded Bernie Ebber’s resignation and he resigned. The board of directors scheduled periodic meetings with WorldCom. The directors should have been more involved and familiar with WorldCom’s activities and efforts to manipulate expenses and decreased income (Brooks, 2007). 4. Bernie Ebbers was the CEO of WorldCom, the CFO was Scott Sullivan and David Myers was the Controller. Prior to working for WorldCom they had worked for Arthur Andersen. Arthur Andersen was the auditor for WorldCom. That is why the accountants did not say or do anything to prevent Ebbers’ manipulation of WorldCom’s financial reports (Brooks, 2007). . Ebbers received $408. 2 million dollars as a loan to buy WorldCom stock or for margin calls as the stock price fell. Instead of using the money for the purpose he received it, he used it to buy a cattle ranch in Canada, build a new home, pay for personal expenses of a family member, and provide loans to family and friends (Brooks, 2007). Reference: Brooks, L. J. (2007). Business professional eth ics for directors, executives, accountants (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Free Essays on Business Proposal

Proposal to the Women’s Business Development Association - Opportunity for Disadvantaged Women to Receive Free Computer Skills Training and Career Development Services Problem Many disadvantaged women do not have access to and/or funds for professional services and computer skills training in their neighborhoods. Typical barriers to empowerment include special needs, childcare needs, and language proficiency. Recommended Solution Create WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale This program will provide support for access to computers, technology, and technology-based educational learning activities for women in low-income communities who otherwise would lack that access to computers and information technology. Individuals under this program will receive career development and job preparation, such as computer skills training (basic and advanced), resume writing workshops, and access to databases of employment opportunities, career information, education/degree opportunities and other online materials. WiredWomen will initially receive referrals from Family Central, a local non-profit organization that services low-income, single-parent families. Organization Goals A recent GAO report (Telecommunications: Characteristics and Choices of Internet Users, February 2001) and a series of U.S. Department of Commerce studies (Falling Through the Net, 1995, 1999, 2000) on Americans’ access and use of technology show that although more Americans now own computers, low-income households are still far less likely to own computers and know how to use advanced technology. The mission of WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale is to empower disadvantaged women in the field of computer technology. GOAL 1: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT – provide career development and job preparation resources in small groups (10-15 women per class) Objective 1: provide computer skills training classes at beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels (e.g., Introduction... Free Essays on Business Proposal Free Essays on Business Proposal Proposal to the Women’s Business Development Association - Opportunity for Disadvantaged Women to Receive Free Computer Skills Training and Career Development Services Problem Many disadvantaged women do not have access to and/or funds for professional services and computer skills training in their neighborhoods. Typical barriers to empowerment include special needs, childcare needs, and language proficiency. Recommended Solution Create WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale This program will provide support for access to computers, technology, and technology-based educational learning activities for women in low-income communities who otherwise would lack that access to computers and information technology. Individuals under this program will receive career development and job preparation, such as computer skills training (basic and advanced), resume writing workshops, and access to databases of employment opportunities, career information, education/degree opportunities and other online materials. WiredWomen will initially receive referrals from Family Central, a local non-profit organization that services low-income, single-parent families. Organization Goals A recent GAO report (Telecommunications: Characteristics and Choices of Internet Users, February 2001) and a series of U.S. Department of Commerce studies (Falling Through the Net, 1995, 1999, 2000) on Americans’ access and use of technology show that although more Americans now own computers, low-income households are still far less likely to own computers and know how to use advanced technology. The mission of WiredWomen of Fort Lauderdale is to empower disadvantaged women in the field of computer technology. GOAL 1: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT – provide career development and job preparation resources in small groups (10-15 women per class) Objective 1: provide computer skills training classes at beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels (e.g., Introduction...

Information pertaining to the imperativeness of mergers that are Research Paper

Information pertaining to the imperativeness of mergers that are gaining prominence in the current business world - Research Paper Example The two institutions are chosen due to their complimentary support capacity that they hold that would see them receive immense benefits from any strategic alliance or agreement. The institutions provide health care services and were founded with a core mission to offer quality, affordable and timely Medicare to patients. They focus on community outreach programs, research on various medications, provision of cancer services, coronary care, digestive and nutritional support. The paper also analyses their financial status based on the strength of their financial performance. It also evaluates the key ratios and the need for ensuring effective setting of debt collection period. Introduction Business merger is a performance strategy whose practice in gaining momentum in most settings due to its relevance in the current competitive society. The strategy provides viable incentives and synergies that enable organizations to improve on their standards of performance. Indeed, institutions wit h strong aspirations to recording vibrant performance levels should adopt the strategy. This is vital since it gives credible systems of engagement and operations that facilitate exemplary performance. It is imperative to note that mergers are strategic agreements between institutions that are set with an aim of enhancing service delivery and productivity. The agreements are driven under quality ideals and mutual understanding to ensure that the ultimate objectives are achieved. In most jurisdictions, for example, in US, mergers and strategic alliances remains innovative system of acquiring competitiveness and improvement on service delivery. The idea is under exploitation and is executed innovatively by various institutions. It has seen key institutions or organizations in diverse field of operations including health sector develop into vibrant corporations through consolidation of their potentials and synergies. The institutions have increased their performance capacity and servic e delivery systems to match the need of the consumers. In particular, the two health institutions that would materially benefit from this initiative are Georgia Baptist health care and Grant health organization. The two organizations would benefit from the initiative since they are set with pertinent mission and they hold complimentary capacities. That is Georgia heath care operate strong cancer clinics, coronary care centers and cancer treatment facility with limitation of financial or asset capacity for expansion that Grant health center has. This explains why the merger between the two institutions would yield quality results that would revolutionize service delivery in the health sector. The Companies, Justification and Imperativeness of the Merger As noted, the two companies selected for this study (Georgia health center and Grant medical center) are bound to receive substantial benefits from the merger initiative. This is evident since the institutions have strong complimentar y synergies that would steer development of health services. They would pull up and share resources to ensure that quality services  (Smith 1997) are delivered to in US citizens (Harris2006). The corporations are founded under strong mission to provide quality healthcare through adoption of conventional health care systems and resources. They seek to expand research on health issues to facilitate

DCFS Policy of Regulation of Day Care Centers Research Paper

DCFS Policy of Regulation of Day Care Centers - Research Paper Example In this paper a clear picture of the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) is given. The history of the DCFS policy is analysed along with the aim of the policy, services provided, beneficiaries of the policy, finances and funding of the DCFS policy etc. The History of the DCFS Policy: Since its inception in 1965, DCFS has played a major role in the protection of children. The DCFS came into being by making child welfare on a State basis from Illinois. The policy of DCFS has got momentum and started spreading in various states. The DCFS policy has reached from the State of Illinois to other states like Nevada, Utah, Louisiana, Los Angeles, Arkansas, etc. The Impetus for the DCFS Policy: The DCFS policy was created with the aim of protecting the children through all possible ways. The impetus behind the formation of DCFS is clear from its mission. â€Å"The mission of DCFS is to: †¢ Protect children who are reported to be abused or neglected and to increase their families' capacity to safely care for them †¢ Provide for the well-being of children in our care †¢ Provide appropriate, permanent families as quickly as possible for those children who cannot safely return home †¢ Support early intervention and child abuse prevention activities †¢ Work in partnerships with communities to fulfil this mission† (Mission Statement, 2009, para. 1). DCFS Programs or Services: ... Foster care is another service provided for the betterment of children and under this child who faces neglect or dependency or is abused is placed outside the home in a temporary place. A foster family doesn’t mean a permanent home for the child but a temporary shelter to protect the child. Adoption is a service of the DCFS for children without home or protection. DCFS provides a chance for the children who need care through the process of adoption. A society in a building block is constituted as family for these children who provide love and care to them for growing them as healthy adults. â€Å"The Department helps thousands of adoptable children to find a new home each year. Most children placed by DCFS were from homes so abusive or neglectful that it would be unsafe for them to return† (Adoption, 2009, para. 2). Day care centres and its regulation is another service or function of DCFS policy. For this the process of licensing, Protective/Family Maintenance Day Care Programs and Family Maintenance Day Care services are introduced. The main programs introduced by DCFS include licensing, Protective/Family Maintenance Day Care Programs and Family Maintenance Day Care services. The licensing of day care centre is done by the DCFS for the betterment and protection of children. It is the function of DCFS to give license and set standards for day care centres, homes, group homes and day care agencies in the state. Protective/Family Maintenance Day Care Programs is implemented by DCFS for protecting the children who are found to be neglected or abused. DCFS implemented the Family Maintenance Day Care services for taking effective steps in controlling the abuse and neglect of

Steve Job's success and his (responsibilities) as a leader for do Assignment

Steve Job's success and his (responsibilities) as a leader for do changes to face the external environment changes - Assignment Example For example, when he became the Apple CEO, the company started manufacturing an unsystematic assortment of computers and peripherals. However, through his leadership, Jobs cut down the production of a myriad of products and instead urged his team to focus on making only four computers, and this was a success (Emerald, 2002). As a transformational leader, Steve Jobs took his responsibility from the end to end. In particular, he not only created a new vision for the company but was also involved in institutionalizing the change (Eisenbach, Watson & Pillai, 1999). He knew that in order to gain simplicity in Apple devices was to ensure a seamless integration of the hardware, software and other peripheral parts (Isaacson, 2012). Consequently, he was involved in fulfilling this in the Apple products that were produced. In a nutshell, Steve Jobs provided a clear responsibility and priorities with extensive communication and freedom to improvise. He experimented with ideas and also linked his projects to the future with predictable intervals (McKnight, 2013). Steve Jobs was able to change the culture of Apple from being quantity focused on quality focused. In particular, he was able to create a small manageable product portfolio that ended up attracting huge revenues for the company. In the first place, he recognized the need for change in the way things were done at Apple. The recognition came from the fact that Apple was having declining sales figures and posting poor financial results. Consequently, he provided a vision of the company’s future about the need to turn things around and make Apple profitable (Schein, 1996). Upon communication of his vision for the company, Jobs began seeking for solutions from members who agreed on reducing the company’s product portfolio and concentrating on improving quality of the remaining products. The reduction also meant to lay off of workers to manageable levels

Creativity and Innovation to Further Developing Countries

Creativity and Innovation to Further Developing Countries The keyword to be an successful country is develop two important abilities that will help you think in a different and intelligent way to develop your ideas and your beliefs. The purpose of this research is to develop the creativity and innovation in developing countries by increasing the systems education in three different ways. Furthermore, this paper discuss about the importance of develop creativity and innovation for the future of countries. Creativity is define like the ideas that come up to your mind to follow anything that you want to do and innovation is the process to became your ideas or inventions in something that help the people or the environment. Finally, the main idea of this paper is to find the best solutions to solve the problem of creativity and innovation by improving the traditional model of system education. Keywords: creativity, innovation, system education, develop. There are so many countries in the world, and this countries are classifieds according to how much developed they are. First of all, we have countries that are developed a lot of because they produces many things like technology, weapons, food, raw material (wood, iron, cotton, crude oil, etc) for the others that doesnÂÂ ´t have this advantages. Therefore, these develop countries are in the top, but how could they develop more than the others? the answer is very simple. These develop countries made a change in their system education by improving so many things that will help students to be prepared in the future because they know that students are the 100% of their future. As a result, the best solution to improve the road of being a develop country in the world is focused in creativity and innovation of each people could have, but how we can improve this skills? We can improve these skills by following the next steps: First, schools should increase hours of extracurricular clas ses. Secondly, students must interact with the environment. Finally, using technology in the process of learning-teaching can help to everyone with innovate ideas. Schools should increase hours of extracurricular classes Currently, schools are an important parts of our lives because there we learn how to front any problem that we could have, and also we learn many skills that help us to develop in the future. But what is wrong with schools nowadays? the problem is that they are killing the creativity and innovation by obligating us to think in the way that they want. The recently model of system education have one purposed, and it is to became students in university professors. They have in mind that if you made less mistakes, you will be a perfect person. So this means, education system just are focused in science subjects such as math, chemistry and physics, and this is a big problem because each person believe that you will be successful if you have lot of science degrees. But no one knows that they could be better if they develop creativity and the capacity of innovate (Robbinson, 2006). Of course we can develop creativity in schools by increasing hours of extracurricular classes because in that classes we learn how to be an artist, and when you said artist everyone thinks in creativity. Scientists says that every person in the world develop the 80% of their brain when they are in the childhood, so what they need? They need classes about science, but they also need extracurricular classes like music or dance because in that classes they will express their creativity in an easily way. For example, a little girl called Gillian was accused that she has a learning disorder because she canÂÂ ´t get focus while she was receiving classes. So her mom took her to the doctor because she was worried, but the doctor was talking with Gillian alone, and while they were talking Gillian was dancing, So he understand that she didnt have any disorder learning. Then he goes to Gillians mom and he said that Gillian doesnÂÂ ´t have problem, he explain that her daughter is a dancer, she needs to move to think. After, GillianÂÂ ´s mom understand that her daughter need to go to learn dance and finally Gilliam became in a professional choreographer and she made important works such as Cats and Phantom of the Opera (Robbinson, 2006). In a brief, people lost their creativity because in schools they just learn mechanically and they donÂÂ ´t learn how to develop their ideas or how to express their opinions. Students must interact with the environment Everyone could become in creativity people if they learn by themselves. Many people in the world are autodidact people because they like o learn by their own methodology. This is an excellent way to became in a creativity people because you find out or sometimes you create your ways to make easily studies. A big example could be scientist because they are always looking for new things, so what they need is a lot of creativity and innovative ideas to get what they want. However, people says that scientist are not creativity people because they use statistics and data, so for the people this is not creative is just like a lot of information (Ossola, 2014). The main idea is to add the option forÂÂ   students that can interact with their environment to understand better and increase their creativity. For example, if students are learning about the nature, they should go outside to the forest and they will be able to learn how everything works in the environment, and also this is an interesting and funny way to learn because is not boring and you will be entertaining. Moreover, you can find another advantage about learn interacting with the environment because when you are outside you will found many information just looking, you dont need search it on the internet or books, is an easily way to obtain real and good information about something. Using technology in learning-teaching process Nowadays, technology is the best sources that humans could created. Technology have many uses in all the world. We could find technology everywhere like in medicine, weapons and even in our houses. Technology is everything and also is an important tool for education because we could use it for teach and also learn in schools or colleges. Furthermore, each school has technology to support the knowledge of students, but while more technology have schools, they will be considerate better than the others. The last step to improve developing countries into develop one is improving all the technology from schools as many as they can. For example, people could use Duolingo platform that teaches language through gaming (Segal, 2016) to learn in a funny way and creative way. Also technology is an excellent way to teach students because they like new things, and they want to discover things. So technology is like a motivated tool that make students want to learn by themselves. In summary, we could improve any developing country by increasing important skills such as creativity and innovation because creativity is process that you develop to make sense any ideas that you have in mind and innovation is the success of created any idea. So there are many steps to develop your abilities like the importance of schools should increase the hours of classes that help you develop your ideas and also it help you to make strongly opinions about any topic. References Ossola, A. (2014). Scientist Are More Creative Than You Might Imagine. The Atlantic , np. Robbinson, S. K. (nd de February de 2006). TED. Recuperado el 15 de February de 2017, de TED: https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity?language=en Segal, S. (2016). The case for disruption in Latin AmericaÂÂ ´s classrooms. Usa Published , np.

Free Huckleberry Finn Essays: Ignorance :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ignorance While there are many themes expressed in the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn one makes a stronger presence by its continued, if not redundant display of itself. Far too often in society people's lack of knowledge on a given subject causes their opinions and actions to rely strictly on stereotypes created by the masses. This affliction is commonly known as ignorance. This is curable but people have to become open-minded and leave their reliance on society's viewpoints behind them. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, the ignorance of society becomes extremely evident at many parts of the book. Society forms ideals for all walks of life and then lets them become like stone in their minds. Thus, once a person has been put into a group they will remain there forever. The ignorance of society is clearly seen when one looks at Huck Finn, Jim the Slave, Pap, and the senseless violence of the Grangerfords and the Shepardsons. Many people see Huckleberry Finn as a mischievous boy who is a bad influence to others. Society refuses to accept Huck as he is and isn’t going to change its opinions about him until he is reformed and civilized. The Widow Douglas and Miss Watson try to "sivilize" Huck by making him stop all of his habits such as smoking, etc. They try to reverse all of his teaching from the first twelve years of his life and force him to become their stereotypical good boy. The rest of the town also refused to view him as good and he was considered undesirable. The only time that the town's people are able to put away their views of Huck was when there was excitement to be found, like when they all crowded on the steamboat to see if the cannons can bring Huck's body to the surface. Everyone got interested in him and tried to show that they cared about him, but this is only after he is presumed dead. They take on these views to follow society in its ignorance. Few of them would have cared abou t Huck before because they didn't know him and didn't want to know him, but since taking interest in mysteries was the popular thing to do, society did it. Although Huck is viewed in an ignorant light, he was also in accordance with this novel and very ignorant himself.

Principles Of Safeguarding And Protection Essay

Sexual abuse – This is unwanted sexual activity that is forced upon a person without their consent, this includes rape, making them watch pornography, pestering them by making sexual suggestions or comments, or they were pressured into consenting. Emotional/psychological abuse – This is controlling behaviours like shouting and calling the service user names. Could be threats of harm or of being abandoned, being deprived of contact with others, being humiliated, controlled, intimidated, kept in isolation or being withdrawn from supportive networks or services. Financial abuse – Taking control of money and bank accounts. These include theft, fraud, exploitation, property or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits. Institutional abuse – Institutional abuse comprises of neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, psychological, emotional and financial abuse. Residents are not allowed to go out, private letters opened and read, shown no respect for their privacy. Service users interests are not taken into consideration, they are given more medication than required. Complaints procedure is not made available to the resident. Self neglect – An adult that fails to take care of their health and is likely to cause serious physical, mental or emotional harm to themselves. Neglect by others – ignoring medical or physical needs. Fail to provide access to health, social care or educational services, withholding medication, not giving adequate nutrition and heating also clothing etc. Signs and symptoms associated with each type of abuse Physical abuse – these include bruising around well protected and covered areas, fractures, burn marks, fear, depression and unexplained weight loss or hair loss, flinching. Sexual abuse – Unexplained change in their behaviour, difficulty in walking, sitting. Injuries to genital area, bloodstained underwear, pregnancy and STD’s. Emotional/psychological abuse – Withdrawal, depression, change in their sleep patterns. Agitated, feeling confused. Change in their behaviour, change with their appetite, losing or gaining weight. Low self esteem and confidence. Financial abuse – Unpaid bills. Basic needs not being met, lack of personal possessions and clothes. Lack of money on a day to day basis. Unexlained money being taken from their bank account. Keeping the service user away from their family and friends, so that the support worker has total control. Institutional abuse – No flexibility at meal times or bedtimes. Dirty bedding and clothing. Lack of care plans, misuse of medication, staff have no regard for the residents privacy they enter into the residents room without knocking. Self neglect – Poor personal hygiene. Inappropriate clothing, confusion, malnourishment, incorrect medication could be over or under medicating, skin sores. Neglect by others – Poor personal hygiene including soiled clothing, inappropriate clothing, and the resident could have bed sores, and may be constantly hungry due to lack of food. Suffer from different illnesses. Factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse The resident could be suffering from a mental disability such as dementia. The resident could be using illegal drugs or be an alcoholic. They could be isolated, suffering from depression. The resident may be suffering from low self esteem or self worth. All of these can make that person more vulnerable to abuse. Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse If a service user was showing signs of abuse, changes in their behaviour, marks or bruises on their body I would ask the service user what has happened, and tell them the changes that I have noticed. I will listen carefully; it is up to them to tell me what has happened. I will not ask them any questions, I will stay calm. I will record what the service user tells me using their own words. I will reassure the service user and explain to them that their safety is most important and it’s my duty of care to inform the manager. The report will be confidential. I will let my manger know what has happened immediately in private. I will only record and report the facts that the service user told me. Depending what is found the service user may need to be monitored, plus a care plan put into place to protect the service user that must be followed. The actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused. Report the service user’s allegation to the manager in private. I would record the facts on appropriate paperwork using their words. I will listen and not judge the service user. I will establish what has happened and report any suspicions to my manager. I will reassure the service user at all times, and take the allegations seriously. I will speak clearly and precise and will avoid asking leading questions. I will date and sign the paperwork, get it signed by witnesses if there are any. Photographs will be taken of the evidence if this is possible. Identify ways to ensure evidence of abuse is preserved Record the facts immediately Report immediately Do not tamper with the evidence. Leave things as they are do not touch anything. Do not clean or wash what the service user is wearing. Do not handle service users’ clothes or bedding. Keep the area safe; do not let anyone enter the area. Keep any first aid items that have been used. Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from  abuse National Policies – Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006, the Vetting and Barring Scheme run by the independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA), Criminal Records Bureau, and Human Rights act 1998. Local Systems – Safeguarding Adult Boards, Safeguarding policies and procedures for vulnerable adults. Safeguarding Adult Boards – these bring together a number of local agencies that work with vulnerable adults to share their information and monitor their work, i.e agencies like the police, housing teams and advocacy groups. The Police – their role is to safeguard vulnerable adults, investigate reports of vulnerable adult abuse, to protect and uphold the rights of all vulnerable adults. CQC – to monitor and provide guidance on what health and social care provides must do to safeguard vulnerable adults from abuse, Safeguarding policies, procedures and systems are in plac e to prevent vulnerable adults from abuse. Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse Winterbourne Hospital had and inspection of its services after allegations of abuse. The report came after Panarama filmed patients being pinned down, slapped and doused in cold water; they were taunted and teased even though whistle blower Terry Bryan had warned of what was happening to the management and the Care Quality Control on a number of occasions. CQC inspectors found Castlebeck care failed to make sure that service users were adequately protected from risk. There was failure to protect service users or to investigate allegations of abuse. The provider also failed to notify CQC of serious accidents and times when service users went missing. Staff did not understand the needs of the service users that were in their care. Methods of restraint would be used without any alternatives. Inspectors found that staff had been working there without any background in care service. Castlebeck failed to meet standards required by law including  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ They did not report major incidents to the Quality Care Commission as required’ The delivery of care did not meet the service users’ individual needs. They did not have systems to assess and monitor the quality of services. They did not identify or manage risks relating to health welfare and the safety of the service users. They did nothing regarding complaints and people about the service. Investigations into the conduct of staff were not robust and did not safeguard the service users. No reasonable steps were  taken to prevent abuse before it occurred. There were ineffective recruitment procedures, not appropriate training and supervision to staff. How to identify sources of information and advice about my own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse This can be done in a number of different ways from training and advice from training centres Social Services Care Quality Commission From books The Internet My companies’ policies and procedures on safeguarding My manager and work colleagues Independant Safeguarding Authority. Understand how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by Working with person centred values – By working with person centred values, individuality, privacy, choice, independence dignity respect and partnership, the service user is encouraged to live as independently as possible. By promoting choice and rights for a service user then they are making their own choices, and not having them made for them. They are more independent. Complaints procedures should be in place and be accessible to them; it’s then less confusing for them to have the confidence to report any abuse. Encouraging active participation To encourage a service user to participate and make their own decisions, for example to ask them if they would like to have a bath or a shower. It is good practise to involve the service user with their care plan as it’s about them, this reduces the risk of abuse and also gives them confidence to speak up if there is an issue. The service user is an active partner in their own care or support, rather than a passive recipient. Promoting choice and rights Promoting choice and rights is all of the above; it’s about the service user taking control of their life, even if it’s in a small way by deciding what they want for breakfast. It allows them to be an individual, to have rights  and wishes recognised. The importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse If a complaints procedure is easily accessible abusers would be more likely challenged about their behaviour, knowing this would make them less likely to abuse. It also helps the vulnerable service users to feel protected and less likely to accept abuse. Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices Unsafe practices that may affect the well being of individuals. These could be due to Unsafe administration of medication Breaking confidentiality Inadequate food Inadequate toileting – dressing etc Inappropriate physical contact Failure to maintain professional boundaries Unreliable systems for dealing with service user’s money and personal possessions. Failure to ensure supervision Inappropriate physical contact with regards to moving and handling Inadequate service users personal care plans Not carrying out tasks to a standard that caters to the individual’s needs and personal preferences. Lack of staff training Staff to tired to do their job correctly Every time a short cut is taken on a procedure it could affect the well being and safety of others. Actions to take if unsafe practices have been identified Follow the organisations policies and procedures Protect and ensure the safety of the individual Report to the line manager Preserve any evidence Record and report – write a confidential report about what is suspected and why. Actions to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response If I have reported abuse or unsafe practices and nothing has been done by my line manager, I would contact the Care Quality Commission, social services and contact police if  necessary As part of the process is to contact the local care standards inspectorate. The person that it was reported to should do this if they have not then it may be considered abuse or neglect. If I suspect that this has happened i can also blow the whistle on my employer.

Kennedy and the shadow on FDR essays

Kennedy and the shadow on FDR essays Since the beginning of the glorious post-World War II days to the dawn of the revolutionary 1960's, the United States had been led by an uninspiring, "ordinary" farmer who had led the country into yet another war. Additionally, despite the continuing economic boom, the obsequious societal tension produced by the enduring Cold War, the escalating civil rights movement, and the alienation of the "Other America" helped to cultivate a nation in great need of hope and inspiration as it entered the tumultuous era of the 1960's. It was such a scenario which John F. Kennedy faced upon his presidential inauguration; one which Kennedy's presence would, over the course of his three years in office, help to simplify. However, though his positive effects upon the country are undeniable, these effects resulted more from Kennedy's inspirational demeanor, rather than his lacking in both leadership skills and "presidential" character and as with every president since 1945 a shadow of FDR loomed over the office. There are those who believe that Kennedy shared many of the same characteristics Franklin D. Roosevelt displayed during his career. This is a fairly presumptuous thing to do, given the height to which history has rightly elevated Roosevelt - the conqueror of depression and war, who's mere image carried the ability to move citizens to tears in inspiration. However, Kennedy undeniably carried on some of Roosevelt's legacy as an inspiration; where Roosevelt inspired with blind optimism and courage, Kennedy inspired with seemingly youthful vigor. He was, after all, the youngest president to date, and his similarly youthful and intellectual cabinet, classic good looks, and beautiful family restored spirit in a dejected public, convinced that a young man of great ability and progressive ideals sat in the Oval Office set the country at ease. A testament to just how high in opinion the public held him was its enthusiastic approval when, after Kenne...

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Book review of Chris Grey's book A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Essay

Book review of Chris Grey's book A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book About Studying Organizations (200 - Essay Example Also, these contemporary theories ignore the opportunities of further evolution in management sciences and consider the application of management theories a simple task with predictable outcomes, whereas the truth is that organizations are more than just management with high degree of uncertainty and ability to digress from the standards suggested by scientific management. Christopher Grey has managed to provide a book which compiles both classic and contemporary theories related to organizational management. While writing this book, Grey has attempted to combine the management and organization theories by amalgamating their outcomes. The book stands on a rationale that organizational theories and management are no different since management is an integral part of practices taking place in an organization. The work of Grey is important on the basis that where other books and literary works have limited the application of organizational theory only to the corporations and institutions , Grey argues that organizations by means of a structure, is more comprehensive than that. He views the application of organization as a concept in overall social spectrum; even in a family structure as well (Callahan, 2009). The book itself is meant for readers who have prior knowledge of other management concepts and organizational studies. Since management of the organizations act as the gist of the book, therefore all the chapters which discuss parts of organizations also deal with the management theories (Donaldson, 2006). Through this book, Grey has asserted that where other books on organization possess a lot of knowledge covered in hundreds of pages, the contents discussed are either too generic or faulty to understand. Therefore, he presents arguments on different areas of organizational management based on the arguments presented by previous theories. Grey has mentioned time and again that organizational theory has been misunderstood or explained in a manner which illustra tes the importance of job to be done however questions like who is expected to define the methods and who will perform the job, remain unanswered. Therefore, in order to illustrate this communication gap between the actual and perceived forms of organizational theory, this book discusses leadership, people management, importance of bureaucracy, fast capitalism and change management (Callahan, 2009). In order to deliver his point of view, Grey has used an assertive approach towards combining the classic and contemporary theories. The approach does seem like a mannerism to draw lacking in other’s work which appears rather unethical. However, the basic purpose in the book is to illustrate how organizations behave, evolve and relate to resources associated to them. The crux of this discussion is human resources itself (Donaldson, 2006). Through his arguments, Grey illustrates how bureaucracy is related to scientific management of the organization (Aulich, 2012). He discussed seve ral management styles and also the implications of applying generalized theories in the problematic areas. By doing so, Grey argues that organizations have flexible nature like people and applying fixed solutions provided by management consultants only consumes time, resources and energy. He further argues that while solving a problem, managers need to show susceptibility to presence of different solutions and selection of the

Is it right to reject the concept and practices of development Essay

Is it right to reject the concept and practices of development Critically discuss with reference to at least one practical example of political activism. - IR - Essay Example In view of the global stratifications, development entails the various levels of political, social and economic achievements of the country in consideration. In achieving these set standards defining development, the countries meet various challenges as they structure their concepts and practices for development. These concepts and practices constitute development agenda for the various countries. In the discourse of development, the sectors of the concepts and practices incorporate the three key essentials of economic, social and political milestones in development (Ove, 2013, p 313). All these concepts emanate from the various political activism procedures, developing the concepts and procedures accordingly. For instance, in analyzing the concepts of development form the economic perspective, various theories and approaches as well as challenges to these concepts are evident. Escobar, as he seeks to evaluate the concepts of economic development in the relation to third world countries, he notably states and evaluates the role of economists in the processes incorporated in development (Escobar, 1995, p 7). Thus, this as a starting point, considering the concept of economic perspectives in development, several factors come into consideration. Firstly, what constitute the economy of the country in question, as well as, the facilitators of this concept of development. The economy of a country vastly defines the class it belongs to in the global stratifications. Economic power is essentially the driving factor of development although it may not sustain the entire development process on its own (Bhatia, 2012, p 131). The concept of development form economic approach encompasses, firstly, the concept of resources that the country posses in determining its success level (Santander, 2014, p 65). The factor of distribution of natural resources within the various geographical locations is a relatively highly controversial concept in the process of