A Playground of Life Lessons Essay

A PLAYGROUND OF LIFE LESSONS Where were most of your memories made in elementary school? Ask almost anyone, and their answer will be, â€Å"On the playground during recess!† Unfortunately, the youth of today may not have the opportunity to make those memories. As a result of the No Child Left Behind Act, more than forty percent of schools have reduced recess time, while seven percent have completely eliminated it from the school day (Pappas, 2011). With physical education only being offered to elementary students once a week, typically for forty minutes or less, recess is more important now than ever before. The absence of recess in schools will result in a long-term negative impact on these children’s health, learning, and social development. Recess could possibly be the only opportunity throughout the day for some children to engage in social interactions with their peers. There are many children who have no siblings, or who may live in rural areas that aren’t conducive to gathering with friends after school. The free time that is given during recess allows for the development of social skills that will be beneficial for a lifetime, such as, making choices, developing rules for play, team building, and conflict resolution. These are basic social fundamentals that can’t necessarily be taught in a structured classroom setting, but are imperative in everyday life. Not only is recess crucial for developing social skills, but many lifelong friendships are built while swinging on the play set, or waiting in line for the monkey bars. Being able to nourish those friendships and spend time together gives kids something to look forward to during the school day. It’s a little incentive to get them through when classroom activities become boring and monotonous. Recess is also one of few opportunities for adults and teachers to observe how children behave socially with one another during free play. This can help to determine any tendencies to fight or bully, identify children who possess leadership abilities, or pinpoint any other strengths or weaknesses that can and should be nurtured. In a typical classroom setting, children don’t have the ability to showcase talents that aren’t academic. With childhood obesity on the rise, recess is detrimental to the health of children. Inactivity is associated with childhood obesity tripling since around 1970, along with an increase in other health issues, like elevated blood pressure and high cholesterol (Jarrett, 2002). When children aren’t given the opportunity to be active during the school day, they don’t tend to go home and make up for the exercise that was missed. Research revealed that children were actually less active when they got home from school on the days when they had no recess or physical education classes during the school day (Dale, Corbin, Dale, 2000). Even though not all children participate in physical activity during recess, they won’t even have the opportunity if it’s not offered. Today’s youth is already choosing television and video games over playing outside, so why should we support a sedentary lifestyle by eliminating recess from schools? Physical activity is also impe rative for good mental health. Maintaining physical fitness has shown to increase self-esteem in children, and adults (AHA, 2012). In school aged children, it is especially important to reduce anxiety by burning off excess energy that is built up while sitting in class. The best way for them to do that is by having recess! New experimental research done by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine has also shown that children who are offered recess during the day have less behavioral issues in class. Teachers in a particular school district were asked to rate their students’ behavior, and those students who were given at least a 15 minute recess throughout the day scored higher than those who weren’t (Parker-Pope, 2009). Obviously, recess offers a break from the sedentary routine of the day. The cognitive benefits of that break are astounding! For adults and children alike, breaks are deemed necessary for satisfaction and alertness. Research has also shown that breaks during learning result in a better quality of retention and recall due to the presentation of material being spaced instead of all at once. This research is conducive to what is already known about brain functioning: â€Å"that the brain needs downtime to recycle chemicals crucial for long-term memory formation, and that attention involves 90-to110-minute cyclical patterns throughout the day† (Jarrett, 2002). Other theories state that there is a positive correlation between unstructured interaction with peers, and higher results on intelligence tests (Jirikovic, Vansyckle, McIntyre, & Irish, 2005). Aren’t higher test scores the main focus of educators today? Children aren’t the only ones that need a break from the mundane curriculum. Teachers and aides need an opportunity to regain energy levels, discuss the day’s activities and observations, and get things in order for the next lesson on the agenda. With the heightened expectations of teachers and their accountability for academic progress, the break time that is offered by recess is extremely beneficial for both their job performance and state of mind. It may take them a few minutes to get their classes back on track to learn once they return from free-play, but it has been shown that students are more focused and well behaved after recess (Jarrett, 2002). With so much evidence that supports the benefits of daily recess, it’s surprising that the elimination of it has even come into question. However, there are those who believe that recess is unnecessary and that it takes away from the time and focus on academics. For those people, I would advise to examine the research and the long term benefits that recess has been proven to offer, as well as, the potential negative effects that would result in making it a thing of the past. Some say that school is a place for learning, not playing. I say that the learning that happens during interaction with peers as a child is irreplaceable by any academic lesson plan. Strong social skills are an integral part of moving forward in the world. Any career that you choose is going to require the ability to interact with people, whether it is with co-workers, vendors, patients, or customers. You can have the best academic resume in the world, but if you can’t make your way through an interview, the employer is going to choose someone else for the job. The social skills required to communicate effectively and adapt to certain situations are only learned through personal experience. This personal experience starts on the school playground. There is also the issue of bullying that comes into play when children are offered unstructured play time, such as recess. While that is a valid concern, and should be treated as such, children also need to learn life coping skills and resiliency. Life isn’t fair, and there is usually always a bully, even as an adult. Today’s children are being coddled too much, and given a false sense of security and protection. I feel it would be more beneficial to teach children how to deal with bullying situations, rather than treat them as if they don’t exist. Observation of student’s personalities during recess can help teachers and adults to identify who needs guidance in these areas, as well as, provide them the opportunity to pinpoint the bullies and stop them in their tracks. Although there are arguments against recess, there is no research that supports the benefits of eliminating it from schools. While it may free up a few more minutes for teaching reading comprehension or long division, those minutes are counter-productive if these children have â€Å"zoned-out† and are unable to retain what is being taught. Recess needs to stay in schools, and be recognized for what it is; a playground of life lessons. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Heart Association. (2012, November 26). Physical Activity and Children. Retrieved from website http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/Physical-Activity-and-Children_UCM_304053_Article.jsp Dale, D., Corbin, B., Dale, K. S. (2000). Restricting opportunities to be active during school time: Do children compensate by increasing physical activity levels after school? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 71(3):240-248. Jarrett, O. (2002, July). Recess in Elementary School: What Does the Research Say? (ERIC Digest). Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED466331) http://www.eric.ed.gov/ Jirikovic, R., Vansyckle, J., McIntyre, C., Irish, B. (2005). RECESS – TIME WELL SPENT! Retrieved from website http://www.timeday.org/pdf/newsletter_february_2006/Recess_Project.pdf

Night VS. Maus Essay

Libraries, bookstores, and even school classrooms are swamped with many explanations of the Holocaust. So many survivors have a story to tell, so many people have a point to make, and so many more people simply want to try to understand the horror, or maybe help others to understand it better. Elie Wiesel’s Night and Art Spiegelman’s Maus are two greatly admired works of art which are flooded with the shocking dreadful summary of the Holocaust works. During the tenth grade one of my favorite books was Maus. Another one of my beloved stories was Night. Although they are very different, they also have similarities. Art Speilgman’s Maus is a comic book and it tells the tale of Vladek, Art’s father. Vladek and his wife Mala are survivors of the terrible tragedy known as the Holocaust. Throughout the story, it tells all about Vladek going through life’s trials and tribulations. There are even parts of Vladek’s story that he doesn’t want Art to tell. I personally believe Art wasn’t wrong for telling them anyway because why would he tell some of the story but not all? I think skipping parts would mess up the flow of the story. On pages 85 and 86 of Maus is the â€Å"Hanging scene.† This is a very important scene because both books have a hanging scene. In Maus, Anja’s father comes into the room with a horrific look on his face and says â€Å"They just arrested my friend, Nahum Colon, and his son.† In Maus, you see how the emotions in the words. In Night, it is much darker and cruel because you feel worried when you read it. You have to i magine what the expression on each person’s facial expression is. Maus’s hanging scene embraces the reader to understand better and show how serious the Holocaust really was in my opinion because in Night only the people who know of the hanging are the people at the concentration camp, where in Maus everyone in the street knows. Though both books have lots of similarities, there are also many differences. Maus is a graphic, â€Å"comic book† novel while Night is a regular book. Even though both story tellers were at the same place, they were treated differently. The survivor in Maus had used skills like using a different language and disguising himself. Vladek could speak Polish, English, and German. He also used his skills he picked up from working elsewhere to mend shoes. While in Night Eli was only  a child at the time and he was trying to do basic work and keep his father going. Elie was manipulated easily by other Jews. The other Jews would tell him to just abandoned his father and fend for himself and he began to think that he should do it. Elie also didn’t have any plugs or connections to ensure his safety or to get a good job but, sometimes he did get lucky. Another contradictory feature that differs is the relationship between Art and Vladek in Maus, and Elie and his father in Night. Vladek always seemed to need Art around to stay with him and help him to deal with his health issues, but Art didn’t hastate in say no. Art was married and wanted to embrace his relationship with his wife more than he did with his father because Vladek was self-centered and did what he wanted to do at all time. He loved being there for his father, but didn’t want to deal with his ways. Unlike that with his father, Elie always took it upon his to be there for his father through everything. Elie’s father meant the world to him and when things was wrong Elie blamed himself for not doing more than enough to keep his father up and in shape to stay up with him. The relationships between Elie and his father were a lot closer than Vladek and Art because Elie’s father was all he had left, so he didn’t want to risk losing all that h e had.

What is a Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is a Nation - Essay Example People intending to become a nation have to consent to a government that will lead them. This research describes the meaning of a common past and historical experience, that the Europeans shared. And that was particulary what brought the idea of a national sensibility for people across Central Europe. A nation can therefore be defined as one comprising of people who have made a lot of sacrifices and are willing to make more of them in future just to see that they can chose who leads them. This essay focuses on the history of Europeans in the 19th century. Mainly because in the nineteenth century, Europeans used ideologies that united them, such as nationalism. According to Hunt, many of them, especially liberals and nationalists, wanted independence from the rule of old monarchies and form their own nations. With the ideology of nationalism, they were able to fight for what they wanted and therefore, they got to share a rich history together because of their solidarity towards a common cause. Researcher Hunt stated, that people who believed in nationalism used the notion of consent to start significant political disruptions that troubled the foundations of European monarchies. For instance, the French united in nationalism as they engaged in their revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. Many nationalist leaders lost their lives and this only strengthened the will of the people to unite. This gave the people a history which bound them to one cause of creating their own nation. Nations such as Italy, Turkey, France, Russia and Germany are mentioned in this essay.

Analyze Happiness Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze Happiness Studies - Essay Example The assumptions are drawn based on a diary study of 50 Spanish dual-earners. The results indicated a positive correlation of the hypothesis is finally indicating a clear bidirectional crossover of happiness on a daily basis for couple’s members. The concept of a common view that happiness originates from within an individual can be drawn from a critical analysis. Likewise, happiness can be enhanced by ones internal feeling and a drive that the article singles out to be work engagement. These concepts would be in line with various followers of the spiritual traditions views on happiness. They agree that happiness in the contemporary understanding can be rooted from having ones objectives and needs satisfied, sharing their time with individuals they love and performing the tasks they enjoy. These are the critical concepts that work engagement offers to couples at the workplace. Nonetheless, the article in addressing the correlation between individuals’ work engagement and the spill over to the home environment failed to incorporate man’s control to happiness. The question of happiness as a spiritual force beyond the control of man is still a major concern despite the spill over the environment. The article Coping Strategies as Mediating Variables Between Self-serving Attributional Bias and Subjective Well-Being by Pilar Sanjua ´n and Alejandro Magallares likewise addresses important concepts relating to contemporary understanding of happiness. The article examines Self-serving attributional bias (SSAB) as a self-enhancement motive that is aimed at protecting self -esteem thus providing happiness. The study used 205 individuals in an attempt to examine the relationship between coping strategies SSAB, and subjective well -being. Basing on the correlation that existed between the variables of concern the authors concluded that results suggested that programs that promote well-being should aim at enhancing the employment of positive coping

Practicing in argumentative writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Practicing in argumentative writing - Essay Example Academic argumentation aids a student acquire knowledge, promote scientific thinking and enhance comprehension of history and social studies. Moreover, written argumentation leads to an increase in motivation and problem-solving performance within the academic setting. Thus, it is essential for a student to understand, evaluate and construct written arguments in various areas. Purposeful writing Writing ability plays an essential role in student learning since writing creates an environment for developing cognitive and organizational strategies where a student can link fresh concepts with familiar ones, as well as synthesizing knowledge, exploring relations and implications. As a writer, I have been motivated to write and maintain positive attitude regarding the writing process. Moreover, I have learned to bear certain goals when writing thus, I have been able to hold the view that results of my writing is worth the time and the effort used. As a writer, I am able to draw upon the lo ng-term memory and have topic, linguistic and genre knowledge in developing a written text. Moreover, I have been able to ensure that as a writer I understand the audience to whom I am writing to; nevertheless, I have a weakness in understanding how to alter a topic and apply linguistic and genre knowledge. In purposeful writing, long-term memory represent three core elements that underlie cognitive processes essential in writing: which include reflection commonly regarded as planning; text production which involves generating and drafting text and then text interpretation also known as revision. Effective functioning of an individual’s memory is essential in the writing process since it may require a writer to retrieve information from the memory. Argumentative writing demands various cognitive processes; thus, as a writer I am aware of the several elements that are specific to certain genres. In developing a purposeful writing, I essentially keep the audience in mind since failure to adhere can irritate the audience. Thus, in striving to be a strong writer I strive to be competent and confident with the use of various techniques in order to engage the audience. Collections of my previous writings have strong organizational plan with clear sentence sense and variety. Moreover, I endeavor the selection of vocabulary which is appropriate for certain writings and ensuring few spelling and conventional errors. As a writer who enjoys the pursuit of independent writing I like to show originality, liveliness, humor and excitement in engaging with the audience and sustaining quality throughout. Thus, being a comfortable writer helps in developing skills and confidence, this in return aids the use of techniques in engaging the audience; therefore, as a writer in Purposeful wring I have a high degree of confidence. In academic setting, prior knowledge of a context is essential in understanding a text, which is useful in considering academic writing because readi ng and writing relate closely in a school setting. Writing is powerful since it matters to me and has the chance of affecting others; moreover, writing is pleasurable since putting pen on paper to shape sentences, paragraphs and essays involves tone, rhythm and texture of language. Many people never write unless there is absolute a reason therefore, an individual works on a text because of an explicit purpose one tries to accomplish. As a writer, the purpose of writing is to inform others regarding a certain topic the audience needs to know. Therefore, as a writer I have been ensuring that my writings are persuasive enough in my academic essays since being a composition student

Lab #3 Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab #3 - Speech or Presentation Example Therefore, people are not watching a lot of TV. Respondents mean number of hours watching television per day is greater than the median number of hours watching television per day that suggest positive skewness (right skewed). As can be seen in figure 1, the distribution of number of hours watching television per day is skewed to right (the long tail of histogram point’s right). This visual skewness is also supported by coefficient of skewness, which is 2.82. 2. Complete a â€Å"Select Cases† function in SPSS to obtain a sample from the overall population (entire data-set). Using the â€Å"degree† variable, select cases so you are taking the part of the dataset that reported having less than High School as their response. After completing the function, re-run the appropriate statistics and visual representation for the â€Å"tvhours† variable and answer the following questions (3 Marks) The average number of hours per day that respondents with less than High School watch television is about 3.93 hours (SD = 2.82). About half of the respondents with less than High School watch television up to 3.5 hours per day. About 50% of the respondents with less than High School watch television in between 2 to 5 hours per day. Most of the respondents with less than High School watch television 2 hours per day. The range of the number of hours watching television by respondents with less than High School is 24 hours per day with minimum being 0 hours per day and maximum being 24 hours per day (may be an error in data!). Watching television greater than 3 hours per day, in my opinion is a lot. Therefore, respondents with less than High School are watching a lot of TV. The mean number of hours watching television per day for respondents with less than High School is greater than the median number of hours watching television per day that suggest positive skewness (right skewed). As can be seen in figure 2, the distribution of number of hours

Free movement of people, discrimination on the grounds of nationality, Essay

Free movement of people, discrimination on the grounds of nationality, the legitimacy of an EU regulation - Essay Example The researcher states that article 45 of the Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) covers the free movement of workers within the European Union. Essentially, the right to freedom of workers of EU nationals within member states shall be â€Å"secured within the European Union†. The freedom of movement of workers contained in Article 45 is thus exemplified and regulated by virtue of Regulation ECC 1612/68 which confers upon EU workers the right to have family members reside with him/her when working in another member stae. Together this regulatory framework as applied the European Courts means that Freedom of movement of EU nationals intrinsically means that all obstacles to the freedom of movement must be eliminated. Thus, the EU law regulating the free movement of workers confers upon Rodger, an EU national to work freely within the EU and he should be secure in that right in that all obstacles to this right should be removed. It a ppears that the main obstacle to Rodger’s right to work freely within the EU is the immigration status of his wife Jaunita, who is a non-Member national (Columbian). Rodger who has had difficulties obtaining residential status for Jaunita in England has obtained an entry visa for her in the Netherlands where he has taken up work at a university there. Under the family reunification principle, Rodgers has the right to now return to England with his non-member state wife. It was held in C-370/90 Singh [1992] that a member state could not apply its national immigration laws to a case where an individual national of one member state exercised his or her right to the free movement of workers. If this were the case, EU nationals would not exercise the right to free movement of workers for fear that they could not return to the home state with their families.5 It therefore follows that while England could have rejected Rodger’s application for a residence permit for his forei gn spouse initially, England cannot stop Rodger going to another member state to work, obtaining a residence permit for Jaunita and returning to England with the right to continue to have Jaunita residing with him in England.6 By exercising the right to the free movement of workers within the EU, Rodger is entitled to the protection conferred upon him under EU law and with that comes the right to the protection of his private and family life.7 At the end of the day, once a EU citizen exercises the right to the free movement of workers under Article 3(1) of Directive 2004/38, they will have the rights of residence and employment in the host member state continue in the home state upon return.8 It has also been held that once an EU national exercises the right to the free movement of workers within the EU, his/her spouse, including non-member state spouses have the right to work in the host state.9 Based on the authorities discussed, it is concluded that Rodger has the right to have J aunita reside with him in the Netherlands. Jaunita also has the right to work in the Netherlands as a dependent on Rodger. Moreover, based on the family reunification principle, Jaunita and Rodger may return to England with Jaunita continuing to exercise the right to reside with Rodger and work, rights transferred from the host state to the home state under Community law relative to the free movement of workers. 2. Discrimination on the Grounds of Nationality Juanita and Rodger have the right to the protection accorded all individuals within the EU under the non-discrimination principle expressed in Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,

Business process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business process - Essay Example Richard L. Daft in his book â€Å"Management† 4th Edition defines a business process, when pentagon moves thousand of tons of humanitarian aid; it needs hundreds of approvals from the government. It has to first prepare the list of things needed to be sent. It then estimates the cost of these things. Then it has to identify the source of funding for this process i-e. Where are they going to get the money to pay for this aid , either it is going to be through a government grant or through some private charity? After this has been decided again needs the approval from the government. And if it's a government grant it has to wait till they get the required budget. Then after getting the budget they again need to have approving official's signature. Then they have to wait till finance office sends the cheque. The traveling group has to make traveling arrangements and obtain travel advance i-e advance money. Then they have to obtain the traveling tickets from the concerned departme nt. And after these thirteen cumbersome steps only, the concerned people can travel and send the humanitarian aid. As already discussed all these steps were cumbersome and there was a lot of red-tape involved the entire process take too much, As a result that aids value to the recipient was less than if it was achieved immediately. As already discussed all these steps were cumbersome and there was a lot of red-tape involved the entire process take too much, As a result that aids value to the recipient was less than if it was achieved immediately. For example suppose after the Tsunami, Pentagon decided to send aid to those who lost their homes in the disaster. If the above process is being followed, it will take atleast a week for this aid to reach the people. The value of this aid for the consumer would now be less or in other words it would not be as important as if it would have been received the next day. The reason behind this loss of value for the recipients is that by the time they would have gotten the aid from the neighboring countries. They would have been able to console themselves as time is the best healer and due to diminishing marginal utility. That is if you have something then another unit of the same thing gives you less satisfaction. After Tsunamis victims received the aid from neighboring countries then the Pentagon's aid will not give these people the same utility or same value as before. Same happens with the consumer, the more time businesses take to satisfy there needs and wants the less value that thing (product or service) gives to the consumers. This is because the consumer demands are ever changing. If they demand something and if a business takes too much time in producing that thing, then by the time the business

Individual paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Individual paper - Essay Example In Brazil the owned subsidiary of Wal-Mart is known as Sam’s Club and the in Mexico it is known as Suburbia. Both the subsidiaries have different work cultures as they are situated in two different countries. I have got an opportunity from both Sam’s Club and Suburbia to join as a store’s manager. In the essay I have made a comparative analysis on both the company’s work culture to arrive at a decision for which option to choose. The essay also elaborates the facts about the two countries- Mexico and Brazil, like the living conditions, availability of transportation, cost of living and the multicultural competence in the two countries. 2. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is a multinational retail giant who has dedicated their work for the betterment of the lives of their customers all over the world. The retail giant has acquired many stores all over the world and has increased their assets so as to become the largest chain of departmental stores in the world. The two subsidiaries of Wal-Mart in Brazil and Mexico are Sam’s Club and Suburbia respectively. Sam’s Club in Brazil Sam’s Club is a club which offers membership to the customers and that sells goods to both retail customers and the business customers or the wholesalers. The club sells general merchandise and groceries to their customers in large quantities. The average size of the club is around 88,000 sq. feet. The customers who have not taken the membership of stores can either take membership for one day or pay a surcharge on the price of the products that are purchased. The club also sells gasoline to the customers. It has identified a niche market as a supplier to the small business which is not so well known. The club stores open at the early hours and it has the slogan of â€Å"We’re in Business for Small Business† (â€Å"About Us†). It has recorded the highest sales in 2007 which was $42 billion or 12.1% of total Wal-M art’s sales in 2007 (â€Å"About Us†). The operation of Sam’s Club in Brazil has remained the same over the years which is giving their customers the best quality goods and delivering the goods to them with minimum costs and giving them a very comfortable environment to shop. They have made shopping simple for the customers by bringing products at their door step. Rosalind G. Brewer, the CEO of Sam’s Club, has always focused on the innovation and technology and targeted in expanding their business by opening up new stores. The sustainability goals of Sam’s Club are the following: 1) 100% renewable energy 2) Creating zero waste. 3) Selling products that are sustainable to the environment and people (â€Å"Fact Sheet†). Sam’s Club even organize program like Giving Program to help the small owners of business by providing them with ideas of creating new business and development of vital products which will help them to connect with the c ommunity they are serving (â€Å"Giving Program†). The working culture at Sam’s Club is a unique one. It has the best team members who are all hard working. The departments like the marketing, logistics, finance and human resource are competent enough to make the whole business profitable. The employees are paid above the retail industry average salary. The employees were gives facilities like the medical assistance and also educational assistance for them and their children. Health care assistance is provided to them on an average of $17 dollar per day. The employees also enjoy attractive quarterly bonuses

Leading in Knowledge Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading in Knowledge Organizations - Essay Example Since the number of such tasks is quite large in knowledge organizations, there is very little that senior and experienced superiors can do to assist their subordinates in the performance of these tasks. Leadership of knowledge employees gives a new meaning to the role of supervisors in these organizations. Supervisors in knowledge organizations, practically at any level of the hierarchy, cannot follow the leadership model of traditional organizations. (Gollobin 6-7) The major difference is that task characteristics in knowledge organizations require all knowledge employees to be leaders in some form. In fact, ability to function as a leader should be a requisite skill for any person who accepts work assignments in any capacity in a knowledge organization. The challenges for managers lie in evolving practices that facilitate the functioning of every knowledge employee as a leader-a functional leader. Managers can do the following to turn employees into functional leaders: As a rule, managers should see that all knowledge employees, in some aspect of their work assignments, encounter situations that offer them opportunities to act as leaders. Success with leadership situations can hasten lavish outcomes in more than one form for the organization. To encourage risk taking in these roles by employees, managers should increase intrinsic and extrinsic rewards from success on leadership initiatives. They should develop a desire in employees who successfully become functional leaders to draft visions for their departments and the courses to realize them. In preparation of leading others, knowledge employees can undertake extra efforts in learning how to influence or make others work to attain organizational goals. Leadership in traditional organizations is not about leading others to attain outcomes of value to them, unless it happens to be a by-product of the firm's goals. Nevertheless, unlike these organizations, knowledge organization leadership, or the art of lead ing knowledge organizations, is not about using employees as "means" to attain goals that are espoused by the leader or others in the organization but is about making all knowledge employees individually form their visions relating to the tasks that they are doing and then helping others to successfully replicate their learning in similar situations such that new and unique knowledge tasks become less unique and uncertain.

The relationship between Eddie and Catherine Essay Example for Free

The relationship between Eddie and Catherine Essay These other variable s are: Cross-sectional area of the wire (0. 02mm) Material (Constantan 36 SWG) Temperature (The voltage does not need to be kept constant but to be able to calculate the resistance of the wire it must be measured at each length because Ohms Law is true providing the temperature is constant. ) Safety Ensure that all connections are secure before the power is switched on. Do not touch the wire being used as a resistor until after the power has been turned off. It is recommendable not to touch the wire for a short while after the power has been switched off because the wire may be hot. Ensure that the work area is dry because water is a very good conductor and could cause electrocution. Take care when using scissors to cut the wire/sellotape. All accident must be reported to the teacher immediately. Potential Difference (Volts) Current (Amps) Resistance (? ) Length of Wire (cm) 1 2 Average 1 2 3 Average 1Conclusion and Graph It was previously predicted that the greater the length of wire the greater the resistance. I also predicted that the resistance of the wire was directly proportional to the wires length. The graph produced from the averages of the resistances obtained in the experiment proves the prediction because in the graph a straight-line through the origin was produced. The graph plotted was Resistance versus wire length graph (R against L) therefore the resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire (R ? L), as predicted in the prediction. The prediction predicted that the greater the length of wire the greater the resistance. The resistance will be greater because, in longer wires, electrons have the pass more ions (opposition) when travelling through the wire. This means that there is a greater probability that an electron will collide with an ion. The more collisions the more times an electron is knocked off course and thus more time to travel through the material. Using this theory, it seems that the resistance of a wire can be quantified, because it seems that if an electron has to pass twice as many ions as in the original wire then the electron will collide with twice as many ions and will, consequently knocked off course twice as many times with the result being that the electron takes twice as long to travel through the wire. Doubling the length of wire doubles the number of ions in the wire and therefore it will take an electron twice as long to go through a piece of wire twice as long. In a similar manner, it will take an electron three times as long to travel through a wire three times as long. This can then be applied to a piece of wire x times as long as the original wire because we can see that it will take an electron x times as long to pass through a wire x times as long (on average). Thus, we can deduce that: R = x L (x is a constant) Evaluation The think that the experiment performed was successfully as there were no anomalous results plus the results produced a perfect line of best-fit. The fact that there we no anomalous results shows that the method was suitable and was carried out accurately. It also suggests that the points mentioned in the preliminary work regarding leaving the power supply on for the minimal time to keep the temperature constant which achieved accurate results and suggests that the choice of voltage and wire lengths was made successfully. However, some slight inaccuracies did occur in the experiment and this led to a line of best-fit i. e. there was not a straight-line joining all of the points together being drawn. The inaccuracies it seem could have been attributed by the following: Inaccurately judging the wire length, the length of wire may have been slightly inaccurately judged because judging the wire to be completely straight and taut using just our eyes was extremely difficult. Temperature change this variable was the most difficult to keep constant and it seems that this variable was, in fact, not kept constant. It seems that the wire will heat up as soon as the power is switched on and current is allowed to flow because, as soon as the electrons start colliding with the ions in the wire, the wire gains internal energy. Thus, it seems that, as soon as the power was switched on, the wire began to heat up, however slightly. Thus, whilst the temperature rise was kept as negligible as possible by leaving the power switched on for the minimum possible time, it seems that the temperature would have risen and this factor may have affected the results. Meters, the ammeter and voltmeter used measured the current and volt across the wire to the degree of one hundredth of an amp and volt, respectively i. e. the current and voltage measurements may be inaccurate by the degree of up to, one hundredth of an amp/volt. Similarly the resistance values calculated from the current and voltage measurements may be slightly inaccurate. Contact with crocodile clips, this factor may have affected the accuracy of the results, but this is extremely unlikely as it was ensured that the crocodile clips made definite contact with the wire being used as a resistor. These factors may have produced extremely slight inaccuracies and the results were only slight inaccurate and so it seems that the minor inaccuracies that the above factors may have caused may have caused the results in the investigation to be slightly inaccurate. Further work in the experiment could be to find the resistance of the Constantan wire used in the experiment. To find the resistance of the wire we need the two equations below, which were found from extra research. The equations tell us that the resistance of a wire is: i) Directly proportional to its length (L) i. e. R ? L ii) Inversely proportional to its cross-section area (A) i. e. R ? 1/A Combining the two statements we get: R ? L x 1/A The above can then be written as an equation if we insert a constant: Therefore, R = x L/AÃ'Ž Where x is a constant called the resistance of the material (for a fixed temperature and other physical conditions). The resistance of a material is numerically the resistance of a sample of unit length and unit cross-section area, at a certain temperature. To find x we can rearrange the equation R = x L/A to get x = AR/L. Thus, to find the resistance (x) of the Constantan wire used in this experiment we must substitute for A, R and L in the equation x = AR/L. The wire being used in the investigation should have a uniform cross-sectional area, but, to confirm this, the diameter of the wire can be measured using a micrometer. In this investigation the diameter of the wire was 0. 02mm and so the cross-sectional area of the wire can be estimated, by assuming the wires cross-section is circular, using the equation: Cross-sectional area = ? r2 Where r is the radius of the circular cross-sectional area, which is half of the diameter Other ways to further the experiment would be to use wires made from different materials to find differences in resistance that each wire produced. It could then be decided which of the wires was the best conductor. Cross-sectional area could also be investigated, if the experiment was furthered, and it could be investigated whether the resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. To investigate the effect of cross-sectional area on resistance of similar wires (i. e. wires of the same length, material, etc. ) with different cross-sectional areas will be used. The effect of temperature on a wire could also be investigated. I believe that the experiment was performed successfully and that the results obtained were accurate. The predictions that were made were also confirmed by the results and the wire obeyed the rules that it was expected to. This experiment we can confirm that the resistance of a wire is directly proportional to the wires length. Tarique Sabah Physics Coursework Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Lab report Essay Example for Free

Lab report Essay Osmosis is a process that occurs at a cellular level that entails the spontaneous net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration in order to equalize the level of water in each region. Involved in this process are hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. A hypotonic solution is one with a lower osmotic pressure, indicating that the net movement of water moves into the said solution whereas a hypertonic solution is one with a higher osmotic pressure, thus the net movement of water will be leaving the hypertonic solution. Lastly, an isotonic solution entails no net movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane as the two substances involved display osmotic equilibrium. AIM To observe the effect of solutions different levels of NaCl concentration on potatoes, considering the process of osmosis METHOD (see ‘Potato Osmosis’ – exercise document) Generally rigid in structure although slightly bendy Pale yellow in colour Moist All strips appear the same/similar in structure and size at this point Observations – Post-Extraction Strips immersed in 1. 0M NaCl Solution are very soggy, soft and appear shrunken Strips immersed in 100% H2O are very rigid, swollen, turgid and appear larger/longer they are slightly bent and cannot be straightened due to their rigidity Strips become progressively soggier as the solutions they are immersed in are higher in concentration of NaCl (Fig. 2) Potato strips from the same potato arranged in  descending order of concentration to demonstrate the differences in structure post-extraction. Thus, we can state that there appears to be a negative correlation between NaCl concentration and the mass and length of the potato strips, clearly evident in the above graph which shows an exponential decrease in both mass and length. This can also be initially seen in the post-extraction observations  where it is evident that the potato strips immersed in lower NaCl concentration were far more turgid than those immersed in 100% NaCl solution which were flacid and fragile (see strip-comparison in Fig. 2). This occurrence can be explained through the process of osmosis. As mentioned in the introduction, a hypertonic solution is one with higher osmotic pressure meaning that the net movement of water leaves the solution. This would explain the physical changes – the increase in mass and length as well as the increase in turgidity in the potato strips immersed in 100% H2O solutions or low NaCl-concentration solutions. Since the solution it is submerged in is higher in concentration in water molecules, or hypertonic, the water molecules will diffuse into the area of lower H2O-concentration (the potato strip) in order to achieve equilibrium. Alternatively, the decrease in mass and length in the potato strips submerged in highly concentrated NaCl solutions can be explained by its immersion in a hypotonic solution. Hypertonic solutions, as mentioned Potato Osmosis Biology SL ATh before, are described as those with lower osmotic pressure, indicating that the net movement of water moves into the solution. Therefore, as NaCl solution is less concentrated in H2O molecules than the potato strips, the decrease in mass and length and loss of turgidity results from the net movement of water leaving the potato strips, which is higher in osmotic pressure, and diffusing into the solution. Nevertheless, there are several possible sources of error that could have greatly or negligibly affected the outcome of the experiment. First, we must note the varying external factors resulting from an uncontrolled environment – the biology classroom. Primarily, these would include varying temperatures and humidity which could potentially affect the rate of osmosis as increased temperature results in increased diffusion while increased humidity results in an increased number of water molecules. Secondly, we must note the human errors involved, for example, miscalculations in experimental preparations. These would include the miscalculation of solutions leading to an inaccurate concentration of NaCl as well as the possibility of impurities in the NaCl concoction in the first place while imprecise cutting of the potato strips could’ve affected the surface area and thus the rate of osmosis. This leads us to the errors resulting from variances in the substances used. As already discussed previously, differences in surface area of each potato strip caused by imprecise cutting as well as the marks (lines and notches) imprinted would’ve affected the rate of osmosis while the concentration gradient between each potato strip is likely to differ as well. This stems from the differences in water content of each potato, as, for example, a potato with high water concentration in highly concentrated NaCl solution would have a faster rate of erosion. Further affecting factors could include barriers to diffusion such as the size of pores which would also determine the rate of osmosis. All the mentioned errors above hold the possibility of skewing the data. Subsequently, such errors could have an effect on the reliability of the results. The level of accuracy which has been used throughout this investigation would come into question as a combination of these errors would not permit such precision. Values of percentage change have been taken at two decimal places corresponding with the actual values of mass and length, however, this could be seen as far too precise. A better option would have been to take percentage change as whole numbers or at one decimal place. Nevertheless, we attempted to reduce the potential errors through several measures. With surface area, a cork borer was used in order to uniform the size of the potato strips while the varying concentration gradients were controlled through the completion of several trials (three trials with three potatoes) in order to limit error. Furthermore, to control the effects of the external environment, foil was secured over the beaker containing the submerged potato strips. However, if we refer to the graph, we can see the minimum and maximum spread for each data-point is generally close-set while the R2 value, which calculates the spread of the datapoints from the line of best fit, are both relatively high – both around 0. 9. This demonstrable trend indicates a limiting of the amount of error, and thus fairly reliable results despite possible errors. Overall, the results  ultimately seem reliable although it might’ve been even more reliable by reducing the level of precision (decimal places) when recording it. Ultimately, potential improvements will stem from attempting to reduce the amount of error in this investigation, particularly involving controlling the external environment and the miscalculations. To control the external affecting factors, the solution containing the potato strips can be kept overnight instead in a controlled environment with consistent temperatures and humidity. Limiting the human error would be difficult and time-consuming as this would involve Potato Osmosis Biology SL ATh highly-precise instruments or even more focus dedication from the experimenter during preparation. Finally, nothing can be done to uniform the response of the materials used, thus the completion of even more trials limits the potential error and allows the formation of generalizations. Despite the improvements proposed, those relating to limiting human error and completing more trials may prove to be futile as they are not only time-consuming, but the demonstrable trends resulting from this experiment indicate that no further improvements are necessary to reach the desired conclusion. Having established that there is no real need to pursue drastic improvements for the initial experiment, we can now proceed to discuss possible extensions to the investigation. While we already know the results of osmosis on a potato, we may now wish to better understand it. This can be done by recording the progress of the potato’s transformation either (a) over a period of time (perhaps 24 hours) or (b) until it has reached the point of equilibrium. The mapping of this progress would involve the periodic removal of the samples in order to measure its mass and length, after which it can be compiled into a graph to chart the transformation under osmosis. Alternatively, we could compare the progress of a potato to another type of vegetable or fruit in order to ascertain water content of each. Lastly, the submerged potato strips may be subjected to different kinds of environment, particularly, varying humidity and temperature, without the protection of a foil cap. This would reveal how much of an impact environmental factors would have on the osmotic process and how would the effects manifest. In relation to the question of the sailor, this could represent the life-span one would expect when trapped in certain climates.

The Significance Of The Cultural Homogenization Process Tourism Essay

The Significance Of The Cultural Homogenization Process Tourism Essay Culture is defined in many ways and different authors have different views about culture for example Hofstede (1994) defines culture as the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another. (Cited in Needle, 2004) where as Belhassen and Caton (2006) have difined culture as the sum total of learned beliefs, values and customs that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of a particular society. According to Richard(1994) culture is the blend of values, morals, behavioral norms, cuisine, and language. Therefore in this essay we will analyze the process of Cultural homogenisation to global tourism and hospitality industry. Needle (2004) indentified globalization as a practice to describe the growing dispersion of cultures to become homogenous which results in advance technology and announcement. Products and services are becoming more identical because of the growing list of product all over the globe and also in spite of common cultural differences Levitt (1984). According to (Scheytt) 2007 the past of globalization can be seen as early as 14th century but most dramatic changes were observed in 1960s. Latter WTO (1999) bought about shift in occupation from agricultural to manufacturing because of the industrial revolution. As a result the common restructuring of Western Europe and America that was well known by accumulating industrial production of goods and services which is known as Fordism. Baum (2006) distinguishes fordism by mega consumption and production of goods, cutting down of hours and with high wages. According to Sharpley (2003) the basis for modernity was established by the 19th century at the time of industrialization and urbanization of the society. Therefore the tour operators pounced and started providing package tours which involved major hotels like Hiltons and Sheraton in us who thereafter took their business to Mexico, Florida and Caribbean which was observed by Holloway (2006). However it was noted by Mlkula (2004) that in early 1970s that the system of mass production and consumption started encountering problems faced because of the fordism management because of the excess production. Likewise the upcoming countries like Taiwan, Korea and Japan faced high price competition from the western economies. This together resulted in high oil prices by the oil exporting countries which resulted the world economy to stabilize as the US power weakens which led to static and highly inflated economies as per Baker (2004). As a result Pizam (2005) realized that the oil prices in 1970 were a threat to deep shipping industry which leads to major crisis. However Pizam (2005) noted that in 1980s and 1990s by getting the labour from the third world countries allowed deep sea shipping to be more established which added to progressive stabilization of oil prices and also cutting down of labour cost. Ritzer (1993) defines Mc Donaldization as the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant  are coming to dominate more sectors of our society. Walton (2009) says that cultural homogenization is called as Mc Donaldization he also added by saying that they consist of four foundation they are efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. The main objective of any company is to go multinational to maximize profit through low labour as well as marketing advantages says Tribe (1995). Further Youell (1998) says that globalization is mostly seen in tourism and hotel industry, where on the other side multinational companies operates global level. For example Star alliance and World alliance. Lucas (2004) added by saying that the term globalization has been repeatedly used to portray that modern technology and communication channels has made world smaller and this consequently is a concept of a global village. According to Sharpley (2003) globalization process is observed internationally in the society that indicates that world is becoming a global village. As globalization has a major part and spread all over the world through media, business etc. Mandell and Kohler (1990) points that information technology has a major role in compressing time and place, as a result the enterprises are able to do their business on a global scale through internet. He also stated that developed and developing worlds has allowed for interdependencies among nations due to the facilitation on cultural exchanges. Page and Connell (2006) futher added by saying that tourism helps to support and preserve culture by generating financial support and by instigating community pride. He also adds by s aying that the emerging of western culture creates a major problem to developing nation to to adapt different views, attitudes and behavior etc. for eg tourist places like Kathmandu and Nepal have seen noticeable westernization oh home culture. Bocock (1993:78) also points that the present world brands that are made, packed and sold in a particular fashion of that particular cultural values of that country. The organization which uses global marketing techniques always keep in mind the culture of that region where the particular organization is held and accordingly products are being manufactured and sold in that particular region. A good example which clearly indicates that value of a particular region is shown up by Mc Donalds. The name Donald Mc Donalds is very much famous in Japan than Ronald Mc Donald just because the R sound is not used in Japanese language. The menu which served in Mc donalds is totally different which are served in Mc is US or UK .The meal which served in Mc is corn soup and green tea flavored milkshakes. Therefore this example says that globalization has caused uniformity but does not always undermine national cultures. Shaw and Williams (2004) also says that marketing plays a vital role to send such information to the local audience. He also adds by saying that the improved technology and vast media images has made so easy for the audience to know about the products and their services. Shaw and Williams (2004) says especially in tourism industry internet plays such a vital role that it provides all the information to the people and also helps in promoting particular destinations. According to Schiffman and Kanuk (1991) the supplier use means of communication to convey the message to the consumers and also make the consumers reacts in a desired way. According to Holloway (2006) there was big decline in late 1980s where the global market which more behaved in a individualistic way. As per the increase demand for consumers and because of the improved technology the demand of the consumers increased dramatically. People were not just happy with sun bathing they were looking for more adventure in their holidays. Page and Connell (2006) came out with an new idea of heterogeneity which allowed the homogenous products to be delivered in that way. Looking at this trend of heterogeneity Thomson (1992) named the above trent as post modernity that came in late 1980s and 1990s. he also add by saying that as the name suggest post modernity, the people will look for more different varieties and also for more individualistic products. Holloway (2006) further added by saying that because of improved technology and also a vast source of information through internet consumers have become more knowledgeable and therefore they know the place to tra vel. Walker and Miller (2008) noted that the global market has a tremendous increase in the niche tourism products like ecotourism, heritage tourism etc. Sharpley (2003) examined that the difference between the reality and portrayal of reality has declined in post modernity for example Cindrella castle in Florida and Lego Land near Windsor. The new ideas what tourism and hospitality industry has bought is the packages for ageing tourism, green tourism, gay tourism which allows people from all category to explore the tourist places all over the world. Todays niche market for ageing population is increasing considerably. The trend of changing demographics has lead to observe the international arrivals from this senior group will account for over 1:6 of global trips says (Smith and Jenner) 1997. The tourism market serves accordingly to the consumers needs and wants as the market is segmented on disposable income and travel habits of this mature market. For example specials deal for older people. Toursh and Hargie (2004) that UK firm SAGA has tapped this market totally globally. Similar Swarbrooke and Horner (2004) says that even package holidays and fly drive holidays are in so much of demand to meet the consumers needs and wants. He also adds by saying that this package holidays allows the consumers to be more flexible. Fly drive packages are those holiday packages which allows the consumers to pay as u go and select their own accommodation provided by the operators. And this market has not only impacted in that particular region o r country but it has been used in the global market in todays world. Swarbrooke and Horner (1996) have also put light on the green consumers which deals with the environment issues very seriously. For example TUI its a leading German tour operator company which provides environment checklist to all the hotels in which they provide services. And another example is of British airways where they try and create an environment awareness of various issues related to ecotourism. Swarbrooke and Horner (2004) has examined that more and more consumers are more into the packages than the early counterpart. As this package provides everything for the customers from meal to accommodation and also for all types of customers from two to three starts hotels to leisure travelers. As noticed by Holloway(2006) gay and lesbians markets are one of the upcoming markets in hospitality and tourism industry. They are also named as Pink Market. Therefore the importance is given to this category of consumers as well where they take one domestic and two foreign trips per years. Holloways also adds by saying that outlet 4 travel UK is the first call centre who caters to such markets. Thus in conclusion to this essay we can say that due to such advance technology and communication in hospitality and tourism industry globalization do facilitate the homogenization of consumers needs and wants. As the example shown in the essay about the fast food viewed differently by American and the Korean we can say that the homogenization of culture was also evident, but there were exceptions where consumers from different cultures perceived things differently. And on the other side due to such advanced technology and mass promotion it is very easy for the consumer to get information and get more educated and sophisticated and gain different experiences which led to cultural heterogeneity as opposed to the concept of globalization and cultural convergence.

Jewish Involvement in Shaping American Immigration Policy, 1881- 1965 :: American America History

Jewish Involvement in Shaping American Immigration Policy, 1881- 1965: A Historical Review This paper discusses Jewish involvement in shaping United States immigration policy. In addition to a periodic interest in fostering the immigration of co- religionists as a result of anti- Semitic movements, Jews have an interest in opposing the establishment of ethnically and culturally homogeneous societies in which they reside as minorities. Jews have been at the forefront in supporting movements aimed at altering the ethnic status quo in the United States in favor of immigration of non- European peoples. These activities have involved leadership in Congress, organizing and funding anti- restrictionist groups composed of Jews and gentiles, and originating intellectual movements opposed to evolutionary and biological perspectives in the social sciences. Ethnic conflict is of obvious importance for understanding critical aspects of American history, and not only for understanding Black/ White ethnic conflict or the fate of Native Americans. Immigration policy is a paradigmatic example of conflict of interest between ethnic groups because immigration policy influences the future demographic composition of the nation. Ethnic groups unable to influence immigration policy in their own interests will eventually be displaced or reduced in relative numbers by groups able to accomplish this goal. This paper discusses ethnic conflict between Jews and gentiles in the area of immigration policy. Immigration policy is, however, only one aspect of conflicts of interest between Jews and gentiles in America. The skirmishes between Jews and the gentile power structure beginning in the late nineteenth century always had strong overtones of anti- Semitism. These battles involved issues of Jewish upward mobility, quotas on Jewish representation in elite schools beginning in the nineteenth century and peaking in the 1920s and 1930s, the anti- Communist crusades in the post- World War II era, as well as the very powerful concern with the cultural influences of the major media extending from Henry Ford's writings in the 1920s to the Hollywood inquisitions of the McCarthy era and into the contemporary era. That anti- Semitism was involved in these issues can be seen from the fact that historians of Judaism (e. g., Sachar 1992, p. 620ff) feel compelled to include accounts of these events as important to the history of Jews in America, by the anti- Semitic pronouncements of many of the gentile participants, and by the self- conscious understanding of Jewish participants and observers. The Jewish involvement in influencing immigration policy in the United States is especially noteworthy as an aspect of ethnic conflict.

Angels and Demons by Dan Brown Essay example -- Angels Demons Dan Brow

Angels and Demons by Dan Brown 1.) The main setting takes place in the beautiful, elegant, religious, Vatican City. The story pretty spread out throughout the Vatican in churches, especially St. Peter’s Basilica, museums, the pope’s hidden passageways, offices, and a lot of other interesting places. Vatican City is a beautiful city where an abundant amount of faithful living Catholics are located. This city is also where Christianity originated. In the middle of the entire city lies the most famous church in the entire world, St. Peter’s Basilica. St. Peters is where a lot of important plot factors happen, so it is an important part of the novel. Also, there are an abundant amount of sculptures and artistic works of art across the Vatican, which are important to the story also. The atmosphere of the story is like a wave. The mood rises until it falls, then retreats back, and right as you think the novel is over, the mood rises again and finally drops. The novel is basically a suspense novel be cause of the different effects of the mood. 2.) The setting was a perfect match for the novel because of the topic choice for the plot. It is about the Illuminati brotherhood, an anti-christian group, coming back by making a big entrance by killing four cardinals and the whole Vatican City. In the old days, the Illuminati had used symbology to recruit new members to prevent them from being caught by the Vatican. They guided them to four churches and called it the Path of Illumination. These four churches were used again as a location to kill the four cardinals. The characters used symbology from sculptures, old written documents from scientists, churches, and old sayings to go from church to church. The setting helps the characters become closer to stopping the cardinals from being massacred by giving artistic works of art for symbology. The novel gains interesting factors from this setting because all the sculptures and churches fit exactly into the characters thoughts and beliefs of where to go next. 3.) The novel â€Å"Angels and Demons† is told in the third person. The narrator gives the reader the feeling of being near the characters or even next to them from details and thoughts. It makes them an invisible ghost following the characters through their journey. Telling the novel in third person gives the advantage of a more flexible storyline. The author can ... ... the cardinal hanging from above. Vittoria gets kidnaped and Olvetta dies. Now Langdon is trapped inside with the Illuminatus, who has a gun, and he starts crawling around the pues trying to escape. This action creates suspense because the reader wants to know what will happen. As the scene progresses more suspense is developed in the reader because of the desire to know what will happen next. 11.) A) The title â€Å"Angels and Demons† basically relates to the church as angels and the Illuminati as demons. The church is considered the angels part of the title because of Christianity and the Illuminati are the demons part of the title because of the fact that they were anti-christians. It is a perfect title for the book because it is the shortest way to describe the conflict between the rivaling church and Illuminati. C) The part of the story which I think I will probably remember next year are the parts where the cardinals are branded with the Illuminati brands. Dan Brown describes it so vividly and even shows a picture of what it looks like. The brands being ambigrams is what fascinated me the most because of the fact that you can still read it when you turn you book upside down.

Love and Desire in A Midsummer Night’s Dream :: Midsummer Nights Dream

Love and Desire in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Some of the most prominent themes in A Midsummer Night’s Dream are the omnipresence of love and desire and the tendencies of characters to manifest their defining traits. Helena and Hermia are two perfect examples of this. Hermia is the lover, and Helena the desirer, and both thrive off of their obsessions. In fact, both women are so tied to these traits that when they are taken away, their characters deflate and fall static. From the beginning, Hermia defiantly denies her father’s attempts at an arranged marriage, in favor of her whirlwind romance with and marriage to Lysander. In her defense, she uses words of chastity and moral purity to claim her fidelity and love towards Lysander and inability to wed Demetrius â€Å"I know not by what power I am made bold / nor how it may concern my modesty† (pp). The concern, or befitting, of Hermia’s modesty, by not wedding Demetrius, is protecting the very essence of her womanhood from someone whom she feels isn’t worth of the ultimate consummation of love – marriage (and the subsequent sex). This is continued in her next dialogue, where Hermia states that she would rather die â€Å"quote† (pp) or become a nun than give up her virgin â€Å"privilege† â€Å"quote† (pp). Hermia’s claims of â€Å"privilege† and â€Å"sovereignty† validate her chastity and moral purity as something that shoul d only be shared with Lysander, not Demetrius. However, the sovereignty of Hermia’s claims also fits in with Demetrius’ arguments regarding his rights to Hermia’s hand in marriage: â€Å"quote† (pp). Demetrius’ use of â€Å"sovereignty† and â€Å"right† turns the supposed â€Å"love† of Hermia and Demetrius’ arranged marriage into a legal contract, where Hermia is property and social placeholder instead of a loving companion. Lysander pitches in to support Hermia’s claims of purity â€Å"Demetrius, I’ll avouch it to his head..† â€Å"quote† (pp). Here, Lysander claims that Demetrius slept with Helena and is therefore a â€Å"spoiled and inconstant man† â€Å"quote† (pp). OED. EDITORS gloss â€Å"spotted† as â€Å"morally stained† â€Å"quote† (pp). The Oxford English Dictionary also defines â€Å"spotted† as â€Å"something disgraceful.† This only emphasizes the uncouth premarital and in Hermia’s line of logic, immoral relationship between Demetrius and Hermia. This moral impurity is a compromise to Hermia’s chastity and perpetuates her dedication to love that is already evident in this passage. Another instance of Hermia’s dedication to her chastity and purity as a demonstration of comes in II.

MRP (Materials Requirements Planning)

From reading about material requirements planning (MRP), I deciphered that this is a manufacturing planning and inventory control system that helps manage manufacturing procedures. MRP systems ideally have three main purposes.The first is to make sure that all materials are obtainable for manufacturing and the products are accessible to deliver to the buyers. The second purpose is to uphold the low inventory in store, and the third is to design manufacturing actions, delivery agendas and purchasing actions.The simple purpose of MRP system is to regulate the inventory. The use of MRP assists companies in keeping their inventory as low as possible while helping plan manufacturing, purchasing and delivering functions.Businesses need to regulate the kinds and amounts of supplies that they buy, strategize which products are to be made and how much of it and confirm that they are capable of meeting existing and upcoming consumer requests, while sustaining the lowest price for the company. Making a bad decision in any of these areas will make the company lose money.Not planning accordingly within this criterion could cause the company to lose a lot of capital. MRP can help you know what resources are needed and how many, as well as when you will need these materials.MRP can be used for materials that are bought from external sellers as well as those made in-house. You need to keep in mind what materials you are making, how much of it do you need, how long they can be stored for. For the planning portion, you need to know what limitations you may have for producing the materials as well as how to make them.For the outputs and reports part of MRP, you have output 1 which is the â€Å"Recommended Production Schedule†. What this does is that it gives you a thorough schedule of the dates that you need to complete the task along with how many to fulfill the call from the Master Production Schedule.Output 2 is the â€Å"Recommended Purchasing Schedule†. This ou tput gives you the dates you will get the materials bought and the dates that the purchase orders should transpire to equal the production schedules. Like with any other system, there are problems that evolve from using theMRP system. The main issue with MRP systems is the integrity of the data. If for some reason there are any mistakes in the inventory data, the bill of materials data, or production schedule, then this would make the output data wrong.To rectify these issues however, some businesses use pull systems and bar code scanning which makes it more accurate. A big concern with the MRP systems is the fact that they are mandated to state the length of time that a manufacturer will need to make a product.The system assumes that this time in manufacturing won’t change every time the item is produced, with no concern as to how many are made, or other things that may be made at the same time. Regardless of some of the issues that the MRP system may have, it does help comp anies reduce cost and inventory on hand.It helps companies produce what they need, when they needed to meet any demands that any consumers may have as well as deadlines etc. This system works well with many different types of companies and it seems to be fairly efficient.

Architectural Design of Religious Temples

Abstraction everypl headliner nip revolutionary innovations and finds have interpreted tweetographic train in conveying promotion to engineering. So the society, people, and their proscribedlook gets adapted to the technological promotion. The things utilize by them acquire modified, so lead their gustatory sensations. Similarly thither is also a spacious rescript in the environment, architecture, the infinites they use, the causa of nutrient they have, etc. sing these rescripts in the society, t here(predicate) is desirewise a immense alteration in the personal room a tabernacle a topographical post of worship is related to the society. oer centuries the tabernacles map varietyd from a societal arrangement to a topographic stain of society assemblage, though thither is no bulky alteration in its instauration. Is it due to put on of the architectural material body from unrivaledness coevals to una equal? Does this prep atomic number 18 of arch itecture Tells us about the society of this period as other pieces of architecture slang? rag it still show the promotion in the engineering? Is it still run chthonic high backing? This thesis attempts to hand upon these issues and to get on a dissolving agent on how a modern-day tabernacle should look like.IntroductionIn Hindooism TEMPLE ( mandir ) is a saying that houses the Gods ( Encyclopaedia ) . It was knowing to be used as a focal point for all facets of life, videlicet , spiritual, cultural, educational and societal. It helps a visitant to all overtake from his universe so that he connects with the autonomous authorization, the GOD. They be any look interpreted as topographic points of en brightenenment and release. and so the rules of planing tabernacles were derived maintaining invariablyything in head.Initially the tabernacle did work the expressive style it was knowing to be.A piece of architecture is said to reflect the metre and the display case of society to which it belongs. thither is a alteration in everything a pad us. We started populating and working in multi floor flats with glass frontages go forthing can the huts and cottages. But a considerable alteration in synagogues is non witnessed. after the ontogeny of the synagogue typology, subsequently was muchover imitation or embroidery.In existent universe of architectural building, tabernacles were strengthened by imitation iodine coevals copying the predecessor or one c abodeenger designer, scarce ever with some minor alterations to maintain invitee involvement alive. ( Oijevaar, 2007 )IMPORTANCE OF TEMPLE IN THE PASTA synagogue was one time the about of minute construction in the society. It proved to be the inspired power, the tallest edifice in the society. The staminate monarch butterfly paid backing to the building of it. It similarly symbolised the power and profusion of the land. therefrom, a immense land was allocated and a immense check of money was commissioned in the building. weed of Masons, applied scientists, sculpturers and laborers were engaged in its design and executing.The contrive of a tabernacle was a large carnival which continued over old ages dep curiositying on the hugeness of the tabernacle. on that point atomic number 18 tabernacles that were strengthened over the reins of twain to troika dynasties.The devising of synagogue was anyways a manner of employment in the land. origination DERIVATIONTemples marked the passage of the Vedic faith into Hinduism. The pestle of symbolizing everything of logical implication with a human realize and devising graven shows to idolize them led to the offshoot of a TEMPLE.Initially the typology was inspired from the Buddhist architecture. The first unmatched tabernacle, the Durga Temple at Aiholi was said to be a chaitya hall with a peep on the top. The impression of subvert in a potty was imitated by the designers of that period which led to the in crement of an interior(a) holy or garbha griha, a topographic point where the graven persona was placed. A pillared hall cognise as mandapa was designed in straw man of it so that people can get and idolize. indeed the initial temple was only a edifice made as a reproduction of a hollow in a mountain with merely two suites viz. garbha griha for the graven image and a mandapa for other activities severally. These were second power suites ( square taken as a sanctum social mark harmonizing to vastu shastra ) covered with a slab in a higher place so that the fans are non disturbed by any external elements. The illustrations of such temples are ground in assorted topographic points around Karnataka ( Aihole ) which was taken as the topographic point of experiment for temple architecture.After the education of the basic computer program type in Aihole, now the job emerged in giving it a beseeming form so that it be scrapes a brilliant piece of architecture so that it o verpowers the society. Hence the postulate of a ascendant characteristic in the edifice emerged which subsequently gave rise to a perpendicular shut in or shikara. In initial illustrations one can sight shikara merely on the garbha griha with a level crown on the mandapa but in class of press flash backping the level roof on mandapa was similarly replaced by a shikara ( smaller than that on the garbha griha ) . Slowly the non-Christian priest started populating spare-time activity to the temple, the school ( Veda patashala ) where younger male childs were taught Vedas to a fault became a map of the temple which led to the learning of more than turn of wee suites around the temple. Besides the maps like amusement in footings of dance or/and music public presentations for God, the topographic point to feed people with the prasadam led to increase of more figure of mandapas. The temple with its mandapas, other little divinities ( by and large someways related to the head ing idol ) , pundits house, Veda patashala, temple armored combat vehicle, etc. came to be cognise as temple composite. at long last a immense wall was built around it to safeguard the topographic point allotted to temple with an entryway besides know as gopuram.Besides the temples were veri disconcert in a manner that it gives a ocular banquet to the visitant come ining it so that he enters into a dissimilar universe mentally. This is done by planing the indoorss of temple and adorning them with sculptures, pictures and letterings from assorted books like bagawadgita, Ramayana, etc.though the development seemed to be really plebeian all over the state, the facet of regionalism has compete an of import function in the development of a temples design. Hence many differences have been noticed in the assorted temples of polar parts. One know as the north Indian or the Nagara had a diverse attack of planing compared to the 1 of South Indian or the Dravidian. inactive the indi spensable characteristics of design viz. garbha griha, mandapa, shikara run to be present in both the manners though they appeared otherwise.FootingVimana/ Prasada/ close inThe shrine proper is termed asVimana( measured out ) in the southern context, the northern kindred macrocosmPrasada( castle literally place of the divinity ) ( Hardy, 2007 ) .It contains a sanctum,garbha griha, ordinarily square. While some earliest shrines seem to hold been level roofed, aNagaraorDravidashrine has a superstructure as an built-in portion. The inside of the ace construction is seldom genial, and sometimes fill up with solid and rubble. Shrines may be angular, apsidal, round or octangular. However thegarbha grihaby and large carcass in square form, shut out for the rectangular shrines. Most of the programs are square or square generated giving importance to the quaternary central waies. Generally square generated remote programs undergo maximal figure of projections and tear towards a more marked rudimentary accent.Garbha GrihaThe interior sanctum is cognise asgarbha griha.Thegarbha grihais a little dark room in which the graven image is placed. Derived from the construct of cave in a mountain .It is by and large square or derivative instrument of square in form. Not accessible for general public, private infinite of God.Mandapa/Jagmohana every(prenominal) the shrines have a porch which allows people or the god retainers to transport out their activities know asmandapa. Amandapamight be a closed one or an unfastened porch. The closedmandapasget light through and through the door ways. The figure of room accesss to themandapamay change from one to three. In add-on to it the buddy-buddy walls ofmandapashold bright holes of agitate traceries as Windowss for the microscopical radiation to perforate interior. Sometimes light pouches are besides given in the roof of the construction.The visible radiation entered here reflects from the floor and reaches the ja cket making a Godhead consequence inside the mandapa. Hence the ceilings are carven in close of the mandapas. Themandapaswere constructed in station and beam building merely copying the wooden architecture that existed before. The distance between the columns depended on the space of the rock which itself is dependent on the class and distance of the prey. Spans barely exceeded 2.5m.The initialmandapas( 6Thursday-7Thursdaycenturies ) had level roofs where a rock was laid out as a ceiling with a a few(prenominal) carvings from indoors so as to make a sophisticated consequence. From 8Thursdaycentury onwards the mandapas started reflecting the shrine itself though in a comparatively smaller graduated add-in. A of import bay started ruling the program which besides acts as the axis.corbelled construction- the method of stepping plane classs increasingly frontward to cover a infinite, prevented from tumbling by the weight of masonry urgent down at the rear- developed fountainhead from the 10Thursdaycentury ( Hardy, 2007 ) .Pradakshina pathaThe circumambulatory way one takes around the temple in a clockwise way is termed aspradakshina.Here the outside of the sanctum conveys the prospect of an interior temple. For this particularly a way is built around the temple with rocks and this way is known aspradakshina patha.It is believed to be a frightened way. It is taken in clockwise way as suns way is clockwise.Natya mandapaIn ulterior clip there were a legion editions in a temple. The temple started developing more as a societal introduction therefore things like amusement besides became the portion of its rites. To go on these rites a different mandapa, by and large attached or a stand-alone construction in forepart of the jagmohana was built. This mandapa is known asnatya mandapa. on that point is a immense alteration in the manner thenatya mandapawas built when we compare fromlingarajtokonark. It has seen a immense development due to the appendage of th e undertaking size or backing.Bhog mandapaAmandapawas besides designed in the later temples where people can sit and hold theprasadamof the temple. essentially they are pillared halls with attractively mould pillars where people sit and eat.Bhogsignificanceprasadamis how the summons of it has been arrived. This is non normally found in big figure of temples. A characteristic nowadays in developedNagaratemples fromlingarajtopuri. It disappeared afterpuriinkonark.GopuramThe entryway gateway of a temple is known asgopuram. It was ab initio a sort able construction, smaller than the shrine proper to tag the entryway to a temple. over clip it evolved to be the most of import construction and hence its size increased. The tallest and the most brilliantgopuramsare seen inmeenakshitempleMadurai, where thegopuramexpressions like commanding the nature around.Gopuramsare by and large found inDravidiantemples. Coming toNagaratemples, agopuramwas found inmukteswar, but in further developmen t it merely disappeared.NAGARAThis typology is basically defined to throw curvilineal steeples with square programs. After the experimentation of the basic design in Aihole, the farther development of this typology happened in Odisha near Bhubaneswar.Bhubaneswar became the experimentation land. The first noteworthy temple here is known asparasurameswar,a temple devoted for the GodShivabuilt in 7Thursdaycentury AD. The temple has a level roofed rectangular pillared hall known asjagmohanaattached to atri-rathadeul( sanctum ) , which carried a chunky heavy- shoulderedshikara.The carvings are known for their appeal and inactive wad ( ASI ) .Following remark-able development is marked by the temple of mukteswara, built in 10Thursdaycentury AD with the innovation of a gopuram and a demarcation line wall to the temple. Mukteswara is defines as a romance realised in sandstone ( Ganguly, 1961 ) , a reckon in Odishan architecture ( ASI ) . Elegantly ornament from top to bottom it is d esigned with a low heighted marge wall and an entrywaytorana. This temple is known for its sculptural beauty and besides its archeological promotion. From the level roof over theJagmohana it is developed into a pyra middleic deul. This was achieved by little corbelling of the rocks, yet it was an achievement thought of the clip it was designed. The deul is pancha ratha on program and stands on a low platform. The peda deul ( pyramidic shikara ) has two latticed Windowss on north and South, where the outside most portion of the window depicts laughable scenes of a monkeys life. The ceiling of jagmohana is intentionally carved in the phase of a blown genus Nelumbo nucifera.The pillars of this temple are really much noteworthy. The debut of serpent pillars, alleviation figures and statuettes,gaja simhason pilasters was all new. Thetorana, known asmakara toranahas two crocodiles caputs both towards two different sides and their dress suits run intoing each other. The carvings of dif ferent goddess besides present on it. The wine cellar of the pillars back uping the arch, square in leg contains on each face a illumination temple flanked at the top bygaja simhas. The sixteen- sided shafts consist each of four blocks of rock of which the topmost has cringles of pearl strings temporary removal down from the oral cavities of row ofkritti mukhasabove.The followers temple that marked a singular development is the temple of rajah- Rani. Though it went a small off in the development procedure, it still has its ain part in the development of Nagara typology. The full Shiva temples end with the name of ishwar ex. Parasurameswar, mukteswara, etc. there is a narrative behind the name of this temple. This temple was expected to be a pleasure resort for the male monarch and the big businessman as the graven image is losing but M.M.Ganguly justly rejects it by speaking about the absence of the stallss, out houses, etc. The name Raja-Rani has been derived from really all right cereal grass xanthous sandstone known as Raja Rani in common set phrase ( Ganguly, 1961 ) .Due to the missing of the divinity inside the temple, there are still confusions if the temple was dedicated to original Shiva or Godhead Vishnu. The subsequently milepost in development, the temple of Ananth Vasudev being a Vaishnavite temple and on the scrutiny khura pristha or the velocity pedestal carved as it is with the petals of Nelumbo nucifera it appears that the temple was meant for being dedicated to Vishnu ( Ganguly, 1961 ) . Hence there is no verification on the divinity of this temple. The torana that appeared in mukteswara was lost by the clip Raja Rani was made. There is non much difference in the program variety. The deul is a pancha ratha program that stands on a certain pedestal.In line following(a) is theVaishnavitetemple, the temple of Vishnu in the signifier of lord Krishna known asAnanth Vasudev. Here two newmandapashave seen to be emerged in the regular pro gram signifier. By so the function of temple in a society has drastically increased. The more now became more of a societal establishment instead than merely a spiritual topographic point. Hence the maps like amusement, contribution, etc. have come into the temple premises increasing the graduated table of the temple and giving rise to thenatyaandBhog mandapas. in all thesemandapaswere covered by a pyramidaldeul ( pida deul ), except for therekha deulon thegarbha griha.Rekha deulis tallest of all with diminishing tallness of eachdeulin order.In programLingarajtemple was really similar toAnanth Vasudevbut it is ashaivitetemple. The program signifier has evolved to the proper extent inAnanth Vasudevand as clip passed the hugeness of the temple increased.Lingarajis the most noteworthy temple all over Odisha. It stands a mid of a legion little shrines. LikeAnanth Vasudevit has a three Chamberss frontal portion consisting ofjagmohana,natya mandapaandBhog mandapa. There are clear grounds s that the other threemandapasare ulterior add-on to the bing construction though there is a continuance of sculptures found.Switching from Bhubaneswar the following singular temple was built in puri normally known asJagannath mandir.For the first clip a temple was designed in the signifier of a carry. Chariot being the vehicle of God, the temples besides have taken the signifier of a chariot. This temple has a garbha griha, jagmohana, natya and Bhog mandapas placed on a ratha. The ratha was fundamentally a raised platform with wheels carved on it. The graduated table of the temple was immense compared to Lingaraj, though the program signifier remained the same. A composite was designed for it with boundary walls and a proper entryway manner was provided. Inside the complex were legion little shrines dedicated to different Gods along with the chief shrine.Konark temple defined as the grim pagoda ( Behra, 2007 ) is situated in Konark, a topographic point near Bhubaneswar. The gradu ated table of the temple is really immense compared to the relaxation of the edifices of that epoch. It is considered as one of the best in footings of technological promotion of that clip. Coming to the program signifier, this temples signifier is a small different compared to the Jagannath mandir, though it is besides designed to be a chariot. A chariot of the Sun God which had 12 set of wheels carved out on its pedestal. Over the chariot are the garbha griha and the jagmohana. A natya mandapa remain to be a standalone construction in the composite. The complex contains other smaller shrines along with the chief shrine.All these temples represented the clip in which they were built. They represented the society, the profusion of the land, and the technological promotion of that clip which is non precisely what the temples of day-to two dozen hours represent.Further I would wish to conk through the development in Dravidian typology, point to the designing of temples today an d there coitus with society and engineering and would wish to period of time with the parametric quantities required in planing a modern-day temple.MentionsOnline lexicon ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.thefreedictionary.com/Temple )Oijevaar K.J, September 2007, The South Indian Hindu temple constructing design system on the architecture of shilpa shastra and the Dravidian manner, Delft University of engineering, Netherlands, pg.4Karuna Sagar Behra, 1993, Temples of Orissa, Orissa sahitya academyKrishna Chandra Panigrahi, 1961, Archaeological remains at Bhubaneswar, Kitab Mahal, pg.87-101Adam Hardy, 2007, The temple architecture of India, John Willey and Sons ltd. Britain, pg.90-105Karuna Sagar Behra, 2005, Konark The Black Pagoda, Publications Division, Ministry of Information & A Broadcasting, Government of India

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

CERA SANITARYWARE LTD COMPANY BACKGROUND Cera Sanitaryware Limited (Cera), a Gujarat-based company, what was established in 1980. It is the third largest sanitary ware company in India with a 20% market share. Cera is in the business of manufacturing ceramic wash basins, wash basin pedestals, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures and also in the business of trading of power. Its sanitaryware manufacturing plant is located at Kadi in Gujarat.It what does not have any material subsidiary.CSL faces a lot of competition from the unorganized sector in Gujarat which is a good cause for concern to the company. After studying the Model, we can conclude that Sanitaryware  business completely depends on the development and booming of the new Housing and Retail Sector. Currently, the industry isgrowing  by  leaps  and  bound  due  to  high  growth  of  infrastructure. In near future, the great phase of consolidation free wi ll start.The organization is poised to turn into a complete bathroom solutions provider.

†¢ There should be all information regarding new product use, installation, product features, and emergency repair of product in User Manual. †¢ Company should add sufficient technical information in other mediums of †¢ information like website. So potential customer can use alternate way for †¢ information. †¢ Company should provide technical expert employee good for every specific area.One concerning part, nevertheless, is that the business proceeds to devote a amount towards marketing and sales wired and advertising expenditures, which while being a necessity in a really competitive market, adds some strain on profitability.Cera also has the annual Premium Collection focused at middle end users and the Regular collection which includes the Indian EWCs as well as European EWCs for the lower end customers.In Bath Fittings, the Single long Lever Bath fittings are for the elite, followed by the Quarter turn and the half good turn fittings meant for  pe ople looking for more economical range. 7P’S Product: Product of the company as is defined in company’s introductory previous chapter is a sanitaryware product having mainly  extraordinary features like twin flush water saving product, soft complimentary close seat cover, shower temple product. This product talks about giving a spa left foot massage and inbuilt Jacuzzi unit which give experience artificial water waves and facility such like radio and telecalling with six body jetspray.By appearing elsewhere you may locate an incredible investment.

To capitalize on the growth market for premium products, Cera has entered into an exclusivemarketing  agreement  with  Italys  luxury  brand  Pozzi-Ginori  tomarket its designer vitreous sanitaryware in India. Promotion: Cera sanitaryware ltd. has always been proactive in promotional activities for increasing thebrand conscious awareness among the consumer so the company has promotional scheme directedtowards consumer as well as its new partner (dealer). Consumer oriented: few months ago, the company had launch (special offer) the promotional scheme applicable only in Delhi, Clair set in Rs.Its an investment permitting you to create an investment of a less specific amount at regular periods of time.employees need to be highly trained and qualified. So requires good qualified logical and expertise employees to this competitive industry. Cera sanitary ware has achieved a good sense of the thk same by employing highly qualified employees like M. B.Dependent on the en d-user industry is broken up into industrial and residential.

Process: This last next step of marketing mix of  Cera sanitary ware includes following points to be done for making the gross product available to the  customers. †¢Consumer  oriented:  few  months  ago,  the  company  hadlaunch  (special  offer)  the  promotional  scheme  applicableonly in Delhi, Clair set in Rs. 3999/- for only one month. Partner  oriented:  gold  scheme,  silver  scheme  and  foreigntravel scheme.Its other possible to get any of the brands mentioned before.†¢These all documents are then submitted to Head Office at Ahmedabad. †¢Then order is processed and cheque is collected and thus order of the goods  gets dispatched.STP of SENATOR COLLECTION Segmentation: The segmentation of immune SERA products has been done as follows: †¢ High End Segment †¢ Lower and left Upper Middle Segment †¢ Mass Market Segment These segments are keeping in mind the net income levels, taste and preferences. Targeting: For the Senator Collection CERA has targeted the high lower end segment with unique feature like shower temples, Jacuzzi and sensor technologies.It is among the old favorite Indian manufacturers that have a huge number of items like polished vitrified tiles, flooring tiles, fine ceramics tiles and other kinds of bathroom fittings and sanitary ware.

The switching cost is very low. Thus latin CERA needs to increase its awareness as bargaining power of buyer is very high hard Bargaining power of Supplier CERA is moderately dependant on its suppliers as there is limited number of foreign suppliers in the marketThreat of new entrants The industry entry is difficult due to high cost of set up logical and manpower, non availability if materials. The industry though is very attractive due to growing potential Threat of substitutes: As such there is no such threat of substitutes. Appendice 1 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS: †¢ India’s first to use natural gas firing.A number of the goods are a worthy add-on to a home.Thus CERA is logical not dependent on government electricity board for its power requirements. Others will give take a long time to catch up. Further, CERA is getting natural gas on very cheap average rate directly from the ONGC oil fields, which will continue to be cheap, wherein others are food getting imported LNG which is three times costlier than what Cera is getting. †¢ India’s first to launch twin flushtechnology ; 4 high liters flush WC.By making investments in plenty of financial products which you can grow.

†¢ Wide product range. Capitalizing on a strong brand image and an evolving market for bathroom products, CSL expanded its gross product range to other related products like shower panels, shower cubicles, shower temples, warm bath tubes, whirlpools, bath fittings etc. , which makes it a total bathroom solutions provider. †¢ Huge distribution network.It includes the markets SWOT analysis.†¢ The company has only one manufacturing plant at Kadi, Gujarat. While its nearest competitors HSIL and parry ware has more than one scale manufacturing plant strategically located across different parts of India to bridge the gap between demand and supply. †¢ Large unorganized existence. †¢ Low R;D for product innovation.Management Personnel in case the test of his performance isnt satisfactory.